ASLP 2020 Part 3

How many front vowels in American English

5

What makes a front vowel called a front vowel

the tongue body is shifted forward causing the vowels to be produced in the front of the mouth

What are the reduced vowels

schwa and capped eye

Overall vowel developmental data

early (2:0-3:0)

Spelling consistency of vowels

inconsistent

/i/

places (where, tongue, lips, tensing)

dialectal difference

-high, front, unrounded, tense

-/capped eye/ (creek to crick)

/capped eye/

-places (where, tongue, lips, tensing)

-sound distribution

-dialectal difference

-sound deviations

-high, front, unrounded, lax

-question about final position BUT in initial and middle

-/E/ (milk-melk) or /i/ (pink to peenk)

-/E/ (lowering) OR /i/ (tensing)

/e/

-places (where, tongue, lips, tensing)

-allophones

-dialectal difference

sound deviations

-mid, front, unrounded, tense

-/i/ or /capped eye/ in monday-mondi

-/E/ (snake-snek)

-/ai/ or /E/ (lowering)

/E/ (elipson)

-places (where, tongue, lips, tensing)

-allophones

-dialectal differences

-sound deviations

-mid, front, unrounded, lax

-/capped eye/ (get to git)

-/e/ (tensing) or /capped eye/

-problamatic w/ people that have phonological disorders

/ae/

-places (where, tongue, lips, tensing)

-dialectal difference

-common substitutions

-low, front, unrounded, lax

-Eastern /a/, general /E/

-Problematic for those w/ phonological disorders

-/a/ (backing), /E/ (raising, low to high vowel sound)

All front vowels are what (lips)

unrounded

where are central vowels produced

midway between front and back/high and low

what does r colored mean

rhotic

stressed and unstressed "er"

What type of language is American English

Reduced vowel language, unstressed vowels are often reduced like shwa to capped eye

what is one of the most frequent sounds in American words

schwa "uh sound"

/ʌ/ (carat)

-place

-spelling

-occurs when

-mid, central

-u

-only in stressed syllables

/ə/

-place

-spelling

-frequency

-allophone variations

-occurs when

-mid, central, lax

-no specific letter

-most frequent vowel

-/ə/ serves as an allophone of all the non-diphthongized vowels (monothongs)

-occurs in unstressed syllables

monothongs

one sound

/ɝ/ (reversed elipson)

-place

-speech sound deviations

-occurs when

-mid, central, r-colored

-rhotic vowels are often problematic for children w/ phonological disorders

-stressed syllables

/ɚ/ (hooked schwa)

-place

-speech sound deviations

-derhoticization

-mid, central, lax, r-colored

-rhotic vowels are often problematic for children w/ phonological disorders

-rhotic becomes non rhotic

how are back vowels produced

shifting body of the tongue back from central position

When is the tongue at its highest and close to soft palate

/u/ /-u-/

what vowels happen when the tongue is in the mid position

/o/ /open o/

where is the tongue touching on back vowels

bottom of mouth

all back vowels are rounded besides what

/a/

velopharyngeal

closure and voicing for all vowels (velum is closed)

/u/

place (where tongue lips tensing)

allophonic variations

Dialectal differences

high, back, rounded, tense

/ə/ Or /-u-/ (to go)

/ju/ (tune)

/-u-/ (upsilon)

Place (where tongue lips tensing)

allophones

deviations

high, back, rounded, lax

/ə/ (Reduction) or /ʌ/

prolematic /u/ (tensing) /open o/ (lowering)

/o/

place (wher tongue lips tensing)

allophonic variations

mid, back, rounded, tense

/ə/ (reduction) window to winduh

/open o/

place (where tongue lips tensing)

dialectal difference

mid back rounded lax

/o\ /

What sound do many American English speakers not use except for or words

/open o/

/o\ /

place (where tongue lips tensing)

Frequency

low back unrounded lax

the most frequent back vowel

What is the most common vowel in the world's languages and among the first to appear in children's speech

/o\ /

how are diphthongs characterized

by feature shifts made during their production

front (or central) back diphthong

/a-u-/

low-front to high front diphthong

/ai/

back-front diphthong

/oi/

we don't, but some consider what to be diphthongs

/e cappedeye/ and /o-u-/

Monophthongs

single vowels, no change in quantity within the syllable

Vowel + /r/ (not diphthongs) (5)

/ir/

/open or/

/Er/

/ar/

/-u-r/