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3. Explain what Daniel Bernhard means by “it’s really a shame for the oath being as easy as the click of the button”

 Daniel Bernhard means that becoming a Canadian citizen could feel less meaningful if taking the oath only requires clicking online without a formal ceremony. He believes the citizenship oath should be treated as an important commitment. Making it too simple may reduce the sense of responsibility and significance attached to becoming a citizen.

4. Explain two problems that might arise if potential citizens can take the oath online without an official witness (3 marks)

 One problem is identity verification, because it may be harder to confirm that the correct person completed the oath. Another issue is that without an official witness, the ceremony may feel less formal and people may not fully understand the importance of the commitment they are making

 Provide two benefits of moving the citizenship oath-taking ceremony online without witnesses

 One benefit is convenience because applicants can complete the process from home without travel. Another benefit is efficiency since processing citizenship applications may happen faster and reduce delays.

 What is your opinion: is the value of Canadian citizenship being diluted with online oath-taking without a citizenship judge or witnesses? Explain

 In my opinion, online oath-taking does not automatically reduce the value of Canadian citizenship because the rights and responsibilities remain the same. However, maintaining clear identity checks and emphasizing the importance of the oath is important so the process still feels meaningful and official.

3. Explain the difference between a democratic government and an authoritarian government

A democratic government allows citizens to vote, participate in decision-making, and choose leaders through elections. An authoritarian government concentrates power in one leader or small group and limits citizens’ political freedoms and influence.

Describe 2 ways a citizen can create change by taking civic action and list an example each from Canadian events

One way is protesting or demonstrations, such as the protests connected to Indigenous rights movements in Canada that raised awareness and influenced discussion. Another way is voting and political participation, where citizens create change by electing leaders and influencing government policies.

5. Describe the roles of the 3 branches of government and how having three branches demonstrates democracy

 The legislative branch creates laws, the executive branch carries out and enforces laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws and settles disputes. Having separate branches demonstrates democracy because power is shared and each branch can limit the others to prevent one group from becoming too powerful.