VMT-115, final exam review

implantation occurs in the...

uterus

gestation is the time from...

fertilization to implantation

which stage of parturition does the expulsion of the fetus occur?

stage 2

a hormone involved in parturition is

oxytocin

the prostate in an accessory gland that adds what to ejactulation?

minerals

an ampulla is a widened portion of what?

vas deferens

the inability to retract the penis into the prepuce is

paraphimosis

the hormone primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy is

progesterone

the surge of this hormone results in the rupture of mature follicles on the ovary

LH (luteinizing hormone)

when a fetus is nearing parturition, their adrenal glands secrete what to signal to the mother that parturition is near?

cortisol

within the male reproductive hormone cycle, what hormone stimulates the leydig cells?

LH

what is the most critical stage of pregnancy, when most embryonic death occurs?

implantation

an abnormal or difficult birth is called

dystocia

what do seminiferous tubules produce?

sperm

what do leydig cells produce?

testosterone

name a species with a vascular penis

dogs

name a species with a fibroelastic penis

goats

what is the order of sperm production to ejaculation?

seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra

T/F cats are reflex-induced ovulators

true

T/F cows are seasonally polyestrus

false, polyestrous

T/F dogs are monoestrous

true

T/F horses are polyestrous

false, seasonally polyestrous

T/F AVMA is the governing body of vet med

true

T/F CVTEA sets regulations, guidelines for accreditations of technicians

true

what does NAVTA stand for

national association of veterinary technicians in america

T/F the USDA oversees the inspection and movement of animals, and performs laboratory tests to assure the safety and health of animals

true

placental attachment in horses, lots of tiny attachments

diffuse

placental attachment in goats, many attachments

cotyledonary p

placental attachment in dogs, ring of attachment

zonary

why might dystocia occur

oversized fetus

what are 2 requirements for licensure eligibility for vet techs

graduate from AVMA accredited programs and take the VTNE

what can techs not do?

diagnose, prescribe, surgery

which nutrient acts as a solvent by which body substances are dissolved?

water

the carbohydrate source used most commonly for ruminant animals is

fiber/cellulose

an example of a micromineral is

iron

tripsin is involved with the breakdown of what nutrient

proteins

the large intestine is responsible for absorbing

water

what non-profit agency provides models for pet food formulas as well as what is included on pet food labels?

AAFCO

T/F retained nutrients are used for waste products such as urine or feces

false

a benefit of dry food is

dental hygiene benefit

the enzyme present is saliva is

amylase

an example of low energy feed is

pasture grass

cereal grain is _ in fiber and _ in energy

lower; higher

the hormone primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy is

progesterone

what is the organ in non-ruminant herbivores to ferment and break down cellulose?

cecum

fermented, high moisture stored feed used during winter months is called

silage

an example of mechanical digestion is

chewing

an example of chemical digestion is

amylase in saliva

the body cannot synthesize ____ amino acids

essential

example of a monogastric species

dog

example of a ruminant species

goats

example of a non-ruminant herbivore

horses

T/F patients should be monitored closely when on a homemade diet

true

T/F a pet food that is “chicken stew” is required to have at least 3% chicken as a protein source

false

T/F cats require a lower amount of protein than dogs do

false

T/F semi-moist pet food contains 25-40% moisture

true

T/F relaxin is the primary hormone involved in parturition

false

vitamin B complex

harvesting energy

vitamin E

proper muscle function

vitamin A

aids in vision

vitamin D

aids in calcium absorption

vitamin C

antioxidant

vitamin k

blood clotting

list the 4 components of the ruminant stomach in order

rumen-reticulum-omasum-abomasum

ruminant stomach: large fermentation vat, produces votile fatty acids as a by product, 50-70% of energy

rumen

ruminant stomach: '“honey comb” appearance, pacemaker for rumen, some fermentation

reticulum

ruminant stomach: function not truly understood, maybe some mechanical digestion properties

omasum

ruminant stomach: true stomach, like monogastric stomach, has enzymes to break down food

abomasum

give one example of a non-nutritive additive for large animals

antibiotics

3 categories of large animal feedstuffs

high energy, low energy, supplements

2 advantages of wet food

no preservatives, high palatability

3 factors that can affect a pets dietary need

reproductive status, activity level, breed/size, age, etc.

T/F cats are seasonally polyestrous

true

canine gestation

60-63 days

feline gestation period

63-66 days

mature/senior dog food changes in what way

decreased sodium content

the hormone tested with hormonal assays to determine ovulation is

progesterone

the critical socialization period for kittens is

5-12 weeks

the large intestine is responsible for absorbing

water

an example of low energy feed

pasture grass

T/F felines show no outward signs of proestrus

true

pregnancy in canines only occurs after tying occurs

false

T/F puppies are born blind and deaf, with their eyes and ears developing further after birth

true

T/F confinement is a reliable way of preventing unwanted pregnancy

false

giving birth in dogs

whelping

giving birth in cats

queening

what is the term for the mothers first milk, which contains important antibodies to protect the puppy

colostrum

intact male cat

tom

intact female cat

queen

what is the term for the positioning a female cat does when she is in heat, wanting a male?

exaggerated lordosis

cats need double the ___ as dogs

protein

3 outcomes of heat in felines

breed, ovulate, pregnancy; breed, ovulate, no pregnancy; heat, no ovulation (not bred)

when can you detect pregnancy on a radiograph in dogs

45 days \`

3 signs a female dog is ready to whelp

passing of the mucus plug, vomiting, drop in temp 24 hours before

the peak reproduction age for sheep is

3-7 years

flushing in sheep is defined as

increasing feed to increase ovulation

goats are considered

browsers, ruminant, herbivores

gestation period for sheep and goats

150 days

in poultry, the term for the gizzard which grinds/crushed food is

ventriculus

T/F feed efficiency is considered for good egg-laying producers

false