Ions | Chemical Bonds | Periodic Table Trends

What is an ion?

An atom with a charge

What is a cation?

The ion has more protons than electrons

What is a anion?

The ion has less protons than electrons

Atoms either lose, gain or share electrons, this is what forms a?

Bond between two atoms

Atoms form bonds in order to satisfy the?

Octet Rule

• The goal is to have 8 electron on the valence shell

What is the exception os the octet rule?

Helium

• only wants 2 electrons

Metals tend to lose electrons because they have?

Fewer electrons in their outer shell

Non metals gain electrons because they have?

More electrons in their outer shell

What are the bonds we need to know?

• Ionic

• Covalent

• Hydrogen

What best describes an ionic bond?

• metal + nonmetal

• Loses or gains electrons

• Attracted to each other due to opposite charges

What is electronegativity?

Atoms ability to attract electrons

What best describes a covalent bond?

• Nonmetal + nonmetal

• Shares electrons

• All diatomic molecules

• One atoms will be more negative

• One atom will be more positive

In any covalent bond, one atom will be slightly more?

Negative than the other

What best describes a hydrogen bond?

The more electrons the atom has the more?

electronegative it is

When the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is greater than or equal too .5 this is called a?

Polar (covalent bond)

When the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is less than .5 this is called a?

Nonpolar (covalent bond)

• All diatomic molecules

What are periodic trends?

Patterns on the periodic table that make correlations between elements visible

What two factors affect the size of the atom or the atomic radii?

• The distance of the electron to the proton

• The amount of protons in the nucleus

The further the electrons and protons are from each other?

• Decreases the force of attraction

• Increased atomic radii

• More energy

The closer the electrons and protons are from each other?

• increases the force of attraction

• Decreases atomic radii

• Less energy

What is the size of an atom and the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron?

Atomic Radii

From right to left and up to down, the atomic radii?

Increases

Which ions are smaller than their neutral atom?

Cations

• more positive

• less shells

Which ions are bigger than their neutral atom?

Anions

• more negative

• more shells

What is the energy required to remove one or more valence electron from a gaseous atom?

Ionization energy

More ionization energy means?

More energy is neede to steal the valence electron

Less ionization energy means?

Less energy is needed to steal the valence electrons

From bottom to top and left to right, the ionization energy?

Increases

What is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to form a chemical bond?

Electronegativity

From bottom to top and left to right, the electronegativity energy?

Increases

What group of elements do not participate in electronegativity?

Noble Gases