Social Studies final - chapter 3 and 4

Jamestown

1st permanent English settlement in North America, settlers made a profit for their investors by raising tobacco there

Reasons that Colonists came to America

to acquire wealth, lack of opportunities where they were from, religious freedom

Roanoke

English colony that failed, what happened to the settlers is unclear, when John White went back there it was deserted. Queen Elizabeth gave Sir Walter Raleigh the right to claim the land and he was interested in claiming land in the Americas - found Roanoke

John Rolfe

English settler who introduced the cash crop tobacco, this became the main cash crop of both Maryland and Virginia

Indentured Servants

exchanged their labor with no pay for passage to the colonies / laborer who agrees to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America

House of Burgesses

1st elected representative legislature/assembly in the Americas

Mayflower Compact

Key step in development of representative democratic government of America. Established the idea of self-government and majority rule so that the government would be a great benefit for the people of the colony.

Roger Williams

started the colony of Rhode Island, where people of all faiths could worship freely. There was religious tolerance and religious freedom of colony was central to people settling there. He was a Puritan who openly questioned the practices of the power of the church - he argued the separation of church and state. He also believed colonists should not take Native American land

Early Colonial Failure

they failed because they were poorly prepared for the demands of life in the new world - lacked farming skills, faced severe weather, picked terrible locations, and had poor leadership

John Locke

created the idea of natural rights which were the rights to life, liberty and property

Mercantilism

Colonies were created in order to benefit the mother country / an economic theory whose goal is building a state's wealth and power by increasing exports and accumulating precious metals in return

Middle Colonies

Bread-basket colonies(grew wheat, barley and rye), New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.. Had good farmland, rich soil, good climate for cash crops, religious toleration and freedom, rivers to get goods in and out. They attracted diverse people (cultural diversity) and had industries and large businesses

Georgia

Last of 13 colony set up in America. Founded by Oglethorpe. Created as a place where debtors (people who owed money) could start a new life.

Main purpose to provide a barrier between the rest of the colonies and the Spanish in Florida/block Spanish attack on colonies from Florida

English takeover New Netherland

happened in 1664, the English took over this Dutch colony and renamed it New York. England did this because the Dutch became a threat since they were competing with England for trade and profits.

Quakers

settled the colony of Pennsylvania and religious freedom was among most important rights of people who settled here

Maryland

Founded by Lord Baltimore and was the only catholic colony, also had toleration act which gave religious freedom

Backcountry

rugged area of new world settled largely by the Scots-Irish; a very self reliant people because of the challenges of the geography. Far western edges of colonies that was "back" of the real country along the coast.

Subsistence Farming

producing enough food and goods to survive with a little extra to sell or trade/ producing just enough to meet immediate needs

Triangular Trade Route

A three-legged trans-Atlantic trade route between New England, Africa, and the West Indies. It connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas.This route was driven entirely by mercantilism and the demand for cheap labor.

Navigation Acts

Acts were passed to make sure that the British crown was receiving its share of profits from colonial trade, led to the outbreak of the Revolutionary war. These Acts were created to increase British control over colonial trade. These laws said that trade between the colonies and other countries had to be carried on British ships, they restricted trade with other nations(they had to sell to England) and made sure trade occurred through British ports (Goods bought by the colonies from other countries in Europe had to go to England first and be taxed) Colonists disliked this because they limited who they could trade with and restricted colonial exports of certain goods like tobacco, cotton, and sugar.

Smuggling

importing or exporting goods illegally

New England Wealth

trade, lumber, ship building, fishing

Diversity

a wide variety of something

Plantation Farming

way of farming that took place because of the year round growing season and southern soil; to meet labor demands southern farmers used enslaved Africans

Appalachian Mountains

runs from Georgia to Maine and physically acted as a barrier that prevented westward expansion

American Identity

comes about out of common conflicts colonists had with both the English and various native Americans, as well as ideas of Religious freedoms, individualism and self-government

Great Awakening

helped create a scenario where people believed they had the right to challenge authority, inspired greater religious freedom and also united colonists from north to south in a common experience. Also brought religious revival

Enlightenment

A movement that viewed reason and science as the keys to understanding and knowledge

Colonial Landownership

white males owned land , Land ownership = political rights , something most colonists did not have where they came from

British Parliament

England's chief lawmaking body, was a representative assembly

English Bill of Rights

laws came from Parliament not from a ruler or monarch, no one ruler would have more power than legislature

Albany Plan of Union

First plan to unite the British colonies. Was a formal proposal to unite the colonists in order to protect themselves from England, but it didn't work out because too many colonies didn't want to give up their colonial power over themselves

French and Indian War

France vs England, major turning point in war was Battle of Quebec, England wins, France looses power in North America, War caused British debt and led to huge increase in taxes on colonies

Treaty of Paris

treaty that ends French and Indian war and ends French power in North America

Import

goods, materials, products that come in to a country

Export

goods, materials, products that are shipped out of a country