muscular skeletal (6)

muscle tissue

composed of contractile cells (fibers) that provide movement of organs or body parts

skeletal muscle

striated and voluntary

cardiac muscle

involuntary muscle found only in the heart

smooth muscle

involuntary muscle found in internal (visceral) organs

ligaments

connect bone to bone; flexible fibrous tissue that stabilizes joints

tendons

connect muscle to bone; strong fibrous collagen tissue

short bone

carpals and tarsals

long bone

femur and tibia

irregular bone

vertebrae

flat bone

skull

axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, thorax

appendicular skeleton

limbs and long bones

clavicle

collar bone

coccyx

tailbone

ilium

hip bone

metacarpals

bones of the hand

radius

lateral forearm bone

scapula

shoulder blade

sternum

breastbone

open fracture

fracture where bone breaks through the skin

comminuted fracture

bone breaks into many fragments

impacted fracture

broken ends forced into each other

pathological fracture

fracture in a bone weakened by disease

avulsion fracture

fragment pulled away from main bone

osteoarthritis

inflammation of bone and joint

degenerative joint disease

cartilage wears down at ends of bones

bone spur

abnormal new bone growth

crepitation

crackling sound in joint movement

rheumatoid arthritis

chronic autoimmune joint disease causing deformity

heberden nodes

bony enlargements in joints

osteomyelitis

infection/inflammation of bone and bone marrow

gout

joint inflammation from uric acid buildup

scoliosis

lateral curvature of spine

muscular dystrophy

genetic disease causing muscle weakness and loss

contracture

permanent tightening of connective tissue

herniated disk

rupture of intervertebral disc causing pain/weakness

sprain

overstretching/tearing of ligaments

strain

overstretching/tearing of muscle or tendon

hallux valgus

bunion; outward deviation of big toe

ganglion cyst

fluid-filled cyst, often on wrist

exacerbation

worsening of a condition

kyphosis

hunchback posture

lordosis

swayback posture

orthopedist

doctor specializing in musculoskeletal disorders

osteoma

bone tumor

amputation

removal of a limb

arthrocentesis

puncture to remove joint fluid

laminectomy

removal of part of vertebra

reduction of bone

realignment of broken bone (open or closed)

bone immobilization

casting, splinting, or traction

muscle relaxants

relieve muscle spasms (e.g., Flexeril)

NSAIDs

reduce pain/inflammation (e.g., Motrin)

salicylates

relieve pain (e.g., aspirin)

narcotics

relieve severe pain