Technological Innovations and Global Exploration

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers technological innovations from global transfers and the resulting era of European exploration and colonization.

Lateen Sail

A technological innovation that was an Islamic transfer from the Indian Ocean.

Compass

A technological innovation that originated from China.

Astrolabe

A technological innovation that was an Islamic transfer (originally from Greece).

Wind patterns

An Islamic transfer of knowledge used to facilitate European travel.

Astronomical charts

Navigational tools that originated from China.

Caravel, Carrack, and Fluyt

New advancements in ship design that are well suited for cargo.

Crusades

A cause of technological transfers occurring between the $11-12\text{th centuries}$.

Mongol invasions

A cause of technological transfers occurring in the $13\text{th century}$.

Al-Andalus

Muslims in Spain who contributed to technological transfers through diasporic merchant communities and trade networks.

Prince Henry's School of Navigation

A school in Portugal where navigational skills and maritime technology were developed.

Portuguese Trading Post Empire

A system established by Henry the Navigator consisting of small trading posts along the coast of Africa into the Indian Ocean, rather than conquering large territories.

Mercantilism

An economic system that required large amounts of gold and silver to maintain power and favored more exports than imports.

Portuguese Empire (Brazil)

A colony established for profit from sugar and religious conversion.

Spanish Empire

Territories in Latin America, Cuba, and the Philippines focused on profit, religious conversion, and silver.

English Empire

Territories in North America and India focused on religious freedom and profit.

French Empire

Territories in Canada and the Mississippi River where traders traded furs.

De Gama

The first explorer to sail around Africa.

Magellan

The first explorer to sail around the world.