quiz questions for exam 3

A test for microalbumin in urine is best used to assess:

Early glomerular damage

An decrease in hydration will result in a(n) Increase in ADH production and a(n) Decrease in urine output.

true

Components that are managed by the kidneys that directly contribute to the body's physiological pH are?

Bicarbonate & H+

Concentration of the urine occurs in the glomerulus.

False

Elevated amounts of beta-2-microglobulin in urine are associated with:

Damaged tubules

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Renin

Acts on the adrenal glands to release aldosterone

Angiotensin II

Produced in response to a drop in blood pressure

Renin

Acts on blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction

Angiotensin II

Stimulates reabsorption of sodium chloride and water

Aldosterone

Select the test which evaluates renal tubular function.

Osmolality

The (simple) equation for glomerular filtration rate is

GFR = [U*V]/[P*1440]

The kidneys play a role in regulation of blood pressure.

True

The normal BUN to creatinine ratio is:

10:1 to 20:1

The normal glomerular filtration rate (rate at which creatinine is cleared from plasma) is:

90-120 mL/min

Which of the following is an intermediate breakdown product of protein, metabolized in healthy states by the liver, that is toxic in high levels when not metabolized?

Ammonia

Which of the following is described as the main intracellular cation?

Potassium

Which of the following is the normal, final breakdown product of proteins?

Urea

Which of the following tests is the most indicative/descriptive predictor of kidney damage? 

uACR

With respect to the BUN/creatinine ratio, which of the following is most likely to be observed with decreased kidney filtration function?

< 10:1

A blocked bile duct is a common cause of what chemical test results for bilirubin and urobilinogen?

Positive bilirubin; normal urobilinogen

Blood may cause a false positive reaction for the protein chemical test.

True

Failure to mix a urine sample prior to submerging the test strip may result in what result for the BLO test?

False negative

High levels of protein may cause a false positive reaction for the blood chemical test.

False

Which of the following is a common interfering chemical substance that may cause a false negative result in numerous chemical tests?

Ascorbic acid

Which of the following conditions will most likely lead to elevated levels of urobilinogen in urine?

Intravascular hemolysis

When fat is metabolized to produce energy, what ketone is present in the greatest amount in the body?

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Use of reagent strips to determine specific gravity of urine is superior to refractometry as reagent strips do not demonstrate chemical interferences.

True

The Clinitest method is specific for glucose.

False, it can detect other reducing substances.

Of the given tests, which takes the longest time to obtain final results when performed manually?

Leukocyte esterase

Nitrites are indicative of gram positive bacterial infections.

False

Urine Chem Strip Analyte: Glucose

Glucose oxidase

Urine Chem Strip Analyte: Protein

Error of indicators

Urine Chem Strip Analyte: Specific gravity

pKa of polyelectrolytes

Urine Chem Strip Analyte: Ketones

Nitroprusside reaction

Urine Chem Strip Analyte: Bilirubin

Bilirubin glucoronide

Urine Chem Strip Analyte: Blood/hemoglobin

Pseudoperoxidase

Urine Chem Strip Analyte: Leukocyte esterases

Diazonium salt methods

Urine Chem Strip Analyte: Urobilinogen

Erlich aldehyde reaction

Urine Chem Strip Analyte: pH

Double indicator

Confirmatory Test for: Carbohydrates

Clinitest

Confirmatory Test for: Bilirubin

Ictotest

Confirmatory Test for: Ketones

Acetest

Confirmatory Test for: Protein

SSA (Sulfosalicylic Acid)

Potential interference causing false negative values in Glucose methodology

Ascorbic acid

Potential interference for Protein methodology

Ammonia contaminants

Potential interference for pH methodology

No known interferences

Potential interference causing false positive values in Glucose methodology

Peroxides