Lymphatic and Immune System: Key Concepts and Oncology

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

To transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.

What are lymphatic capillaries?

Microscopic, blind-ended tubes near the surface of the body that allow lymph to enter.

How does lymphatic circulation flow?

In only one direction, upward towards the neck, with valves preventing backward flow.

What are the two main ducts formed by larger lymphatic vessels?

Right Lymphatic Duct and Thoracic Duct.

What role do lymph nodes play in the immune system?

They contain specialized lymphocytes capable of destroying pathogens.

What are the three types of lymphocytes?

B cells, T cells, and Natural Killer (NK) cells.

What is the function of tonsils in the lymphatic system?

To form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat, preventing pathogens from entering the respiratory system.

Where is the thymus gland located and what is its significance?

Located above the heart, it reaches its greatest size at puberty and decreases in size with age, playing a role in T cell maturation.

What is the function of the spleen?

To filter microorganisms and foreign material from blood and to form lymphocytes and monocytes.

What is the antigen-antibody reaction?

The binding of antigens to antibodies that labels potentially dangerous antigens for destruction.

What are immunoglobulins?

Disease-fighting proteins produced by the immune system, including IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE.

What is phagocytosis?

The process by which specialized leukocytes destroy cell debris, dust, pollen, and pathogens.

What is lymphedema?

Swelling of tissues due to accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues due to inadequate draining.

What is anaphylaxis?

A severe systemic allergic reaction that is a medical emergency.

What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphedema?

Primary lymphedema is hereditary, while secondary lymphedema is due to damage to lymphatic vessels.

What are autoimmune disorders?

Diseases where the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues.

What is the role of immunotherapy?

To stimulate or repress the immune response in treating cancers and allergies.

What is the definition of metastasis?

The process by which cancer spreads to a new site in the body.

What are the two major types of cancer?

Carcinoma (epithelial tissue) and Sarcoma (connective tissue).

What is targeted therapy in cancer treatment?

A treatment that uses substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells.

What does the term 'splenomegaly' refer to?

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen.

What is the significance of the complement system?

It enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism.

What is the purpose of allergy testing?

To identify common allergies through methods like scratch tests and blood tests for allergen-specific immunoglobulin.

What is the role of leukocytes in the immune system?

To assist in defending the body against antigens.

What is the function of the vermiform appendix?

Its exact purpose is unknown, but it may play a role in the immune system.

What is the definition of lymphadenopathy?

Any disease affecting lymph nodes.