Unit 9: Myology Introduction Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the fundamental units of muscle tissue, types of muscular action, joint movements, and specific muscle groups from the Myology lecture notes.

Muscle fiber

The fundamental unit of muscle.

Fasciculi

Bundles of muscle fibers of various sizes and patterns grouped to form a whole muscle.

Endomysium

A thin layer of connective tissue surrounding each individual muscle fiber.

Perimysium

A layer of connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers to provide greater strength.

Epimysium

A substantial connective tissue covering surrounding the entire muscle that is continuous with the tendon.

Myofibrils

Subunits within a single muscle fiber composed of two overlying proteins, myosin and actin.

Concentric action

A state of muscle action described as shortening under load.

Isometric action

A state of muscle action described as maintaining constant length under load.

Eccentric action

A state of muscle action described as lengthening under load.

Origin

The point of muscle attachment that typically remains fixed during contraction.

Insertion

The point of muscle attachment that moves toward the origin during contraction.

Retraction (Scapula)

Movement of the scapula medially towards the vertebral column.

Protraction (Scapula)

Movement of the scapula laterally away from the vertebral column.

Upward rotation (Scapula)

Rotating the inferior angle of the scapula away from the vertebral column.

Downward rotation (Scapula)

Rotating the inferior angle of the scapula toward the vertebral column.

Scapulo-humeral rhythm

The coordinated movement between the shoulder joint and the shoulder girdle during movement.

Deltoid Muscle

A triangular muscle with three parts (anterior, medial, posterior) originating from the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.

Pronation

Movement of the radius on the ulna by moving the hand from the palm-up to the palm-down position.

Supination

Movement of the radius on the ulna by moving the hand from the palm-down to the palm-up position.

Acetabulum

The socket on the outer surface of the hip bone where the ilium, ischium, and pubis join, articulating with the head of the femur.

Iliopsoas

A muscle group consisting of the iliacus and psoas muscles, frequently referred to as the "hip flexor" muscle group.

Sesamoid bone

A type of bone, such as the patella (knee cap), located within a tendon.

Quadriceps Muscle Group

The great extensor of the leg consisting of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.

Hamstring Muscle Group

Posterior thigh muscles consisting of the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris that act as antagonists to the quadriceps.

Dorsiflexion

The movement of raising the foot towards the anterior surface of the leg.

Plantar flexion

Movement of the sole of the foot downward, pointing the toes downward.

Achilles tendon

The tendon that inserts the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the posterior surface of the calcaneus.