CLAM exam 3

pet shops

any premises where dogs, cats, or both are sold, offered or maintained for sale, at retail and not resale to another

• only animals for sale not bred on the premises

• does not include premises where only fish are sold

• $405/yr

pound/animal shelter

A facility of an individual or an organization, profit or nonprofit, maintaining 20 or more dogs or cats, or both, for the purpose of collecting, accumulating, amassing or maintaining the animals or offering the animals for adoption

• first/second/third-class cities

• $200-$300/yr dependent on city class

hobby breeders

The premises where all or part of three, four, or five litters of dogs or cats or both, are produced for sale and sold, offered or maintained for sale per license year

• only applies if the total number of dogs/cats offered or maintained for sale is LESS than 30 individuals

• $95/yr

research facilities

Any place, laboratory or institution, except an elementary school, secondary school, college or university, at which any scientific test, experiment or investigation involving the use of any living animal is carried out, conducted or attempted

$200/yr

boarding kennels

Any person who operates an establishment where four or more dogs or cats, or both, are maintained in any one week during the license year for boarding, training or similar purposes for a fee or compensation

$95/yr

animal breeder

Any premises where all or part of six or more litters of dogs or cats, or both, or 30 or more dogs or cats, or both, are sold, or offered or maintained for sale, primarily at wholesale for resale to another

• mostly selling to the middle man (pet shops)

• $200/yr

retail breeder

Any premises where all or part of six or more litters or 30 or more dogs or cats, or both, are sold, or offered or maintained for sale, primarily at retail and not for resale to another

• primarily selling to the final owner, cuts out the middleman

• $200/yr

out-of-state distributors

Any person residing in a state other than Kansas, who is engaged in the business of buying for resale dogs or cats, or both, within the state of Kansas, as a principal or agent

• out of state, buying puppies in KS to resale

• $650/yr

animal distributors

The premises of any person engaged in the business of buying for resale dogs or cats, or both as a principal or agent, or who holds such distributor’s self out to be so engaged

• breeder → animal distributor (w/i KS) → pet shop

• $200/yr

foster home shelters

The premise of an individual who provides temporary care for one or more animals owned by a shelter that is licensed by the state of Kansas

$10/yr

emotional support animals

 therapeutic benefits, such as comfort and companionship, to an individual with a mental health or psychiatric disability

• can be an individual of any domesticated species

• protected under Fair Housing Act

• must be prescribed

• no official registry

• no specific training

• not granted public access rights

therapy animals

Trained to provide comfort, emotional support, and therapeutic care to a wide range of people

• not federally protected

• no specific training

• can be an individual from any domestic species

• no granted public access rights

service animals

A dog (or very rarely, a miniature horse) individually trained to do work or perform tasks for a person with a physical, sensory, psychiatric, or intellectual disability

• must be trained to preform specific tasking

• federally protected under the ADA

  • public access rights

• no official certification, programs, etc

businesses are legally allowed to ask two questions to service animal handlers

1. Is this dog (horse) a service animal required for a disability?

2. What work or task has this dog (horse) been trained to preform?

#1 reason pets are surrendered

“bad behavior”

• vast majority have never been trained because owners didn’t have

  • time

  • knowledge

  • realistic expectations

cat owners want

litter trained

no scratching furniture

dog owners want

1. house training

• basic manners and obedience commands

how do animals learn

associative learning

• classical conditioning

• operant conditioning

classical conditioning

Pavlovian conditioning

associates one event with another that reliably predicts it

operant conditioning

association between an animals’ action and the action’s consequences

• works off reinforcement or punishment

• works off addition or subtraction of pressure/stimulus

  • + R, - R, + P, - P

reinforcement

increase occurrence of behavior

punishment

decrease occurrence of behavior

+ R

increase behavior by adding stimulus

ex: cat gets a treat every time they give their owner their paw

• paw = behavior, treat = consequence, increase behavior

- R

increase behavior by removing stimulus

maintaining gentle pressure on a puppy’s back that is released as soon as it sits

• sit = behavior, pressure release = consequence, increase behavior

+ P

decrease behavior by adding stimulus

kitten is sprayed with water when it scratches the couch

• scratch = behavior, spray = consequence, decrease behavior

- P

decrease behavior by removing stimulus

dog jumps on their owner while the owner is petting them, so the owner turns away and ignores the dog

• jumping = behavior, being ignored = consequence, decrease behavior

seniro dogs

8 years

seniro cats

10 years

labratory animals

any vertebrate animal produced for or used in research, testing, or teaching

research

studies intended to advance scientific knowledge by learning something new

testing

toxicity testing of chemicals, safety testing of products, nutrition

teaching

use of an animal in an educational context

incertebrates in labs

• not included in most regulatory requirements

• biomedical, genetics, neuroscience research

• most if any regulations stem from facilities themselves

  • exceptions for cephalopods

cold-blooded vertebrates in labs

• less regulated than mammals - no USDA oversight

• zebrafish

• african clawed frogs

• axolotls

• reptiles are less common in biomedical research, often used in universities

birds in research

Regulations are dependent on purpose/origin

• purpose-bred birds - hatched in captivity, bred for research purposes

  • exempt from USDA regulations

• wild hatched birds used for research

  • subject to USDA regulations

• requires IACUC approval

USDA

US Department of Agriculture

APHIS

APHIS

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Agency

• oversees the enforcement of AWA

  • self-reporting

  • unannounced inspections

AWA

Animal Welfare Act

• regulated all warm-blooded species except mice and rates bred for scientific purposes and farm animals used in agricultural research

PHS

Public Health Service

oversees the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS Policy)

PHS Policy

applies to all research institutions awarded federal grants

relies on The Guide for standards

applies to all vertebrate animals

reliant on self regulartion

OLAW

Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (NIH)

• mission is to ensure humane care and use of live animals used in research, training, and teaching funded by the PHS

• provides guidance for institutions

IACUC

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

required by PHS Policy and specified in The Guide

• responsible for ongoing oversight of the animal care and use program at an institution

• must be composed of at least 5 members

  • 1 vet with lab animal experience/training

  • 1 practicing scientist experienced in animal research

  • 1 non-scientist

  • 1 non-institutionally-affiliated individual

The Blue Book

compiles the complete AWA and Animal Welfare Regulations into one document

• USDA APHIS

The Guide

published by NRC, use is required by the PHS in the US

3 Rs of animal research

replace, reduce, refine

replace

replace animal studies with other methods

reduce

as many trails are required, as few as possible

refine

minimize stress of study animals

lab animal disposal

1. adoption/removal from program

2. transfer

3. euthanasia

4. entry into food supply

goals of handling/restraint

minimize stress to the animal

maximize animal and handler safety

federal level

• prevents animal fighting ventures

• ensures commercial animal welfare

• prevention of pet theft

• emergency planing

state level

1. ensuring public safety and welfare

2. eradication of diseases affecting livestock

3. regulation of animal facilities

4. inspection programs and brand registration