Human Anatomy & Physiology Lab Practice Final

What are clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system called?

Ganglia

What do we call neuronal processes that carry receptors for neurotransmitters and that transmit membrane potentials toward the neuronal cell body?

Dendrites

What type of glial cell is responsible for acting as phagocytic cells in the central nervous system?

Microglia

Identify the type of glial cell shown

Oligodendrocyte

Ientify the indicated part of a neuron

Axon terminals

Identify the indicated part of a synapse

Synaptic vesicles

Identify the indicated part of a nerve

Myelin sheath

Identify the indicated connective layer of a nerve

Perineurium

Which labeled portion of the diagram corresponds to the hyperpolarization of the axon?

D

What do we call the period during which an action potential cannot be initiated, regardless of the strength of the stimulus?

Absolute refractory period

Hyperpolarization is the result of the excessive exit of which ion from the cell?

Potassium

In the PhysioEx exercise, what was the effect of curare on the nerve?

Inhibition

Identify the indicated structure of the brain

Pineal gland

Identify the indicated space of the brain

Fourth ventricle

Identfiy the indicated groove of the brain

Longitudinal fissure

Identify the indicated structure (membrane) of the brain

Septum pellucidum

Identify the indicated groove of the cerebellum

Horizontal fissure

Identify the indicated lobe of the cerebellum

Vermis

Identify the indicated cranial nerve

Trigeminal

Identify the indicated cranial nerve

Trochlear

Is the indicated cranial nerve sensory only, motor only, or both sensory and motor?

Both

Is the indicated structure composed of sensory neurons, motor neurons, or both?

Sensory

Identify the indicated opening

Interventricular foramen

Identify the indicated part of the coverings of the brain

Arachnoid mater

Identify the indicated part of the coverings of the brain

Meningeal dura mater

Identify the indicated structure (be specific)

Dorsal horn

Identify the indicated structures

Lumbar spinal nerves

Identify the indicated structure

Cervical enlargement

Identify the indicated opening

Pupil

Identify the indicated structure

Lens

Identify the indicated structure

Fovea centralis

Identify the indicated structure

Lacrimal gland

Identify the indicated structure

Lacrimal canliculus

Identify the indicated structure

Superior oblique muscle

Identify the indicated structure

Trochlea

Identify the indicated layer of the retina

Photoreceptor cell layer

Identify the indicated structure

Malleus

Identify the indicated structure

Tympanic membrane

Identify the indicated region of the ear

Inner ear

Identify the indicated structures

Maculae

Identify the indicated opening

Round window

What phenomenon do the indicated structures sense?

Static equilibrium

Identify the indicated structure

Tectorial membrane

Identify the indicated structures

Hair cells

What fluid fills the scala vestibuli?

Perilymph

The inability of the eye to focus well on close objects resulting from age related changes to the lens is called:

Presbyopia

Which cranial nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?

Abducens

Which of the three tunics (layers) does the ciliary body belong to?

Vascular

To which portion of the ear (outer, middle, inner) does the incus belong?

Middle

With which sense (hearing, static equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium) is the utricle associated?

Static

The term “femoral” refers to which region of the body?

Upper leg

The knee is __________ to the hip.

distal

The thumb is __________ to the little finger.

lateral

You are examining a microscope slide under the 10X objective lens and you switch to the 4X objective lens. The working distance will:

Increase

Which objective lens has the greater working distance: 10X or 40X

10X

Identify the indicated part of the microscope

Coarse focus knob

Given the following physiological requirements at a particular location within the body, name the specific tissue type that would most likely be found there:

Transport across this surface must occur through simple diffusion

Simple squamous epithelium

Name the criteria by which connective tissues are classified?

Arrangement of protein fibers, matrix composition, protein fiber type, cell type

What do we call an epithelial tissue that is one cell layer thick and is composed of flattened cells?

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

What primary type of tissue occurs along a body surface?

Epithelial

Identify the indicated tissue

Simple squamous epithelial tissue

Identify the indicated region of the epidermis

Stratum corneum

Identify the indicated layer of thick skin

Stratum lucidum

Identify the indicated structure of the integument

Sebaceous gland

What cytoskeletal element is primarily composed of tubulins and helps determine the shape of the cell?

Microtubule

Identify the indicated cellular organelle

Centriole

The daughter chromosomes separate during which phase of mitosis?

Anaphase

The two main divisions of the skeleton are the appendicular skeleton and the:

Axial

Identify the indicated structure (layer) within compact bone

Lamella

What type (shape) of bone is indicated?

Short

In adults, the inner (medullary) cavity of the shaft of long bones contains:

Yellow marrow

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection)

Middle nasal concha

Identify the indicated bone marking (opening)

Jugular foramen

Identify the indicated bone

Sacrum

Identify the indicated type of vertebra

Cervical

Identify the indicated bone

Fibula

Identify the indicated bone

Capitate

Is the indicated bone from the right or left side of the body?

Left

Identify the indicated bone marking (projection)

Coronoid process

Identify the indicated body movement

Rotation

Identify the structure

Medial meniscus

What structural type of articulation is a suture?

Fibrous

What is the name of the type of synovial joint that has rotational movement around a single axis that accomplishes rotation at the joint? This joint involves a rounded bone that fits into a sleeve (a concave bone and a ligament)

Pivot joint

List seven criteria listed in your lab manual that are used to name muscles?

Direction of muscle fibers, relative size, location, number of origins, location of origin and insertion, shape, action

Identify the indicated region of the sarcomere

Z-disc

Identify the indicated structure

Terminal cistern of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Identify the indicated layer of connective tissue

Perimysium

Bundles of protein filaments within a muscle cell are arranged into structures called:

Myofibrils

Define “insertion” as it applies to skeletal muscles

Moveable site of attachment

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the biceps femoris muscle?

Number of origins and location

From what cellular organelle is calcium released during the latent period of a muscle twitch?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Name one action of the supraspinatus muscle

Abduction of the arm at the shoulder

Name one insertion of the external oblique muscle

Linea alba

Name one origin of the vastus medialis muscle

Linea aspera of the femur

Identify the indicated muscle

Masseter

Identify the indicated muscle

Stylohyoid

Identify the indicated muscle

Coracobrachialis

Identify the indicated muscle

Extensor digitorum

Identify the indicated muscle

Vastus lateralis

Identify the indicated muscle

Gluteus medius