Ch. 2 Task Specific Strength

Task-Specific Strength

Strength that is specific to a movement, task, or sport performance.

Maximal Muscular Performance (Pm)

Maximal distance or maximal velocity achieved in a movement.

Maximal Force (Fm)

The greatest force an athlete can produce in a given condition.

Maximal Velocity (Vm)

The greatest speed achieved during movement.

Parametric Relations

Relationships where an independent variable (such as object weight) affects force and velocity.

Nonparametric Relations

Relationships involving ideal conditions and peak force/velocity values.

Maximum Maximorum Performance (Pmm)

Peak performance under ideal conditions.

Muscular Strength

The ability to generate maximum external force.

Internal Force

Force occurring within the body, such as bone-on-bone or tendon-to-bone interaction.

External Force

Force between an athlete's body and the environment.

Concentric Action

Muscle shortening during movement.

Eccentric Action

Muscle lengthening while under tension.

Isometric Action

Muscle action where the muscle length remains the same.

Mechanical Feedback

Changes in movement and resistance due to an athlete's force application.

Elastic Resistance

Resistance determined by displacement or stretch.

Inertial Resistance

Resistance generated by acceleration and flywheel movement.

Intrinsic Factors

Internal variables affecting strength such as velocity, time, direction, and body position.

Explosive Strength

The ability to exert maximal force in minimal time.

Explosive Strength Deficit (ESD)

The difference between maximal force potential and force used in a given attempt.

Rate of Force Development (RFD)

How quickly force can be produced.

Index of Explosive Strength (IES)

A measurement of explosiveness calculated as peak force divided by time to peak force.

Reactivity Coefficient (RC)

Measure of explosiveness relative to body weight.

Force-Velocity Relationship

Relationship showing that higher force production usually means slower movement velocity.

Mechanical Power (P)

Force multiplied by velocity.

Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC)

When a muscle shortens immediately after being stretched.

Tendon Elasticity

The ability of tendons to store and release elastic energy.

Stretch Reflex (Myotatic Reflex)

Reflex that helps muscles react to stretching.

Golgi Tendon Reflex

Reflex that protects muscles and tendons from excessive force.

Strength Curve

Relationship between external force exerted and body position.

Sticking Point

The weakest position in a movement where lifting becomes hardest.

Torque (Moment of Force)

Rotational force produced around a joint.

force

In shot put, a heavier shot requires greater _______ but lower velocity.

faster

Stronger athletes are not necessarily _______.

Vector

Force is a _______ because it has magnitude, direction, and point of application.

resistance

Mechanical feedback changes movement and _______ due to force application.

0.3 to 0.4

Time to peak force usually ranges from about _______ to _______ seconds.

time

Explosive strength is the ability to exert maximal forces in minimal _______.

fast

Athletes cannot exert high force during very _______ movements.

intermediate

Maximal mechanical power occurs in the _______ range of force and velocity.

50 and 100

Eccentric muscle action can exceed maximal isometric strength by _______ to _______%

increases

During the stretch-shortening cycle, force and power output _______.

constant

Tendon stiffness is _______

variable

Muscle stiffness is _______.

sticking point

he weakest position in a lift is called the _______ ______.

Dynamic Correspondence

A training concept by Yuri Verkhoshansky that connects training to sport-specific performance.

ToTE (Transfer of Training Effect)

How well training transfers to actual sport performance.

Ballistic Training

Explosive training where force is applied through the full range of motion.

ground

Most sport movements begin with force applied through the _______.

bench

Common exercises with an ascending strength curve include the squat and _______ press.