BIO 133 exam 1 (homeostasis and endocrine)

what is the function of the hypothalamus

• thermoregulation in mammals in the brain

• maintains homeostasis

• responds to stimulus

what is the endocrine system

organs as tissue that produce hormones

what is a hormone

regulates chemicals secreted into extracellular fluid and carried by blood

what are the chemical classes of hormones

1. peptide and proteins

2. amino acid and derivatives

3. steroids

what is the function of peptide and protein hormones

• soluble in water(hydrophilic)

• metabolism, growth, energy, and reproduction

what is the function of amino acid and derivatives hormones

• regulate metabolism, fight-or-flight responses, sleep cycles, and heart rate

• water soluble

what is the function of steroid hormones

• regulate essential physiological processes

• hydrohpobic

lipophilic hormoes

• lipids soluble

• steroid and thyroid hormones

• binds to intracellular receptors

• tend to act on brief period of time

• made on demand bc they cant be stored

hydrophilic steroids

• water soluble

• move freely in blood

• bind to extracellular receptors

• tend to have much longer active period

what is the pituitary gland

• regulates essential bodily functions by producing hormones

• at the base of brain near hypothalamus and has 2 parts

what is the anterior pituitary gland

produces and releases six major hormones that regulate vital body functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, stress response, and lactation

what is the posterior pituitary gland and function

stores and releases two crucial hormones—oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

steriod hormones

• lipid soluble

• passes through the membrane easily to bind to intercellular recports

• derived from cholesterol and have 4 ring strucutre

non steroid hormones

• water soluble

• require receptor on surface of cell to deliver message

• bind to surface cell membrane receptors, activating second messengers to alter existing protein activity