Spanish Unit 2 Test

Masculine nouns

Words that end in o or a consonant, such as gato, perro, carro.

Feminine nouns

Words that end in a, ción, and dad, such as gata, ciudad, motivación.

Neutral nouns

Words that end in e, such as estudiante, presidente, dependiente.

Plural formation (vowel)

Add 's' to nouns that end in a vowel, such as gatos and cuevas.

Plural formation (consonant)

Add 'es' to nouns that end in a consonant, such as paredes and actores.

Plural formation (z)

Change 'z' to 'c' and add 'es' for words like lápiz to lápices.

Definite articles (Masculine Singular)

El, used for singular masculine nouns.

Definite articles (Masculine Plural)

Los, used for plural masculine nouns.

Definite articles (Feminine Singular)

La, used for singular feminine nouns.

Definite articles (Feminine Plural)

Las, used for plural feminine nouns.

SER uses

Used for permanent things: Description, Origin, Characteristics, Time, Occupation, Relationship.

SER Conjugation (Yo)

Soy, used for 'I am'.

SER Conjugation (Tu)

Eres, used for 'You are' (informal).

SER Conjugation (Ud/El/Ella)

Es, used for 'He/She/You are' (formal).

SER Conjugation (Nosotros)

Somos, used for 'We are'.

SER Conjugation (Vosotros)

Sois, used for 'You all are' (informal in Spain).

SER Conjugation (Uds/Ellos/Ellas)

Son, used for 'They/You all are'.

ESTAR uses

Used for temporary situations: Position, Location, Action, Condition, Emotions.

ESTAR Conjugation (Yo)

Estoy, used for 'I am'.

ESTAR Conjugation (Tu)

Estás, used for 'You are' (informal).

ESTAR Conjugation (Ud/El/Ella)

Está, used for 'He/She/You are' (formal).

ESTAR Conjugation (Nosotros)

Estamos, used for 'We are'.

ESTAR Conjugation (Vosotros)

Estáis, used for 'You all are'.

ESTAR Conjugation (Uds/Ellos/Ellas)

Están, used for 'They/You all are'.

Indefinite articles (Masculine Singular)

Un, used for singular masculine nouns.

Indefinite articles (Masculine Plural)

Unos, used for plural masculine nouns.

Indefinite articles (Feminine Singular)

Una, used for singular feminine nouns.

Indefinite articles (Feminine Plural)

Unas, used for plural feminine nouns.

Verb conjugation steps

1) Identify verb type and ending, 2) Drop ending, 3) Add appropriate endings.

Noun-adjective order

Noun first, then adjectives: e.g., 'la clase de español'.

Negative sentence structure

Place 'no' before the verb: e.g., 'no eres tú de California'.

Pronouns: Nosotros/as

Means 'we' (plural).

Pronouns: Vosotros/as

Means 'you all' (plural, informal in Spain).

Pronouns: Ustedes

Means 'you are' (plural, formal).

Pronouns: Ellos

Means 'they' (male, plural).

Pronouns: Ellas

Means 'they' (female, plural).

Pronouns: Yo

Means 'I'.

Pronouns: Tú

Means 'you' (informal).

Pronouns: Usted

Means 'you' (formal).

Pronouns: Él

Means 'he'.

Pronouns: Ella

Means 'she'.