PTO Test

Douglas MacArthur

U.S. general who led Allied forces in the Pacific; escaped the Philippines and promised “I shall return.”

Chester Nimitz

U.S. Navy admiral who commanded naval forces in the Pacific.

Battle of Midway –

Major U.S. victory that destroyed 4 Japanese aircraft carriers.

Manhattan Project

Secret U.S. project to build the atomic bomb.

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Lead scientist of the Manhattan Project.

Hiroshima

First city hit by an atomic bomb.

Nagasaki

Second city hit by an atomic bomb.

In their attack on Pearl Harbor, what US assets survived the bombing?

Aircraft carriers (they were out at sea) and most submarines.

Whom did President Roosevelt rescue from the Philippines, and what did that person pledge upon leaving?

Douglas MacArthur; he said, “I shall return.”

What was the “Bataan Death March”?

A forced march where thousands of American and Filipino POWs were abused and many died.

What was the importance of Doolittle's Raid?

It boosted U.S. morale and showed Japan was vulnerable to attack.

Why was victory in the Battle of the Coral Sea vital for the Australians?

It stopped Japan from invading Australia.

What was historically unique about the Battle of the Coral Sea?

First naval battle fought entirely by aircraft (ships never saw each other).

Why were the Americans prepared in advance for the Japanese attack on Midway?

They had broken Japanese codes.

Why was the Battle of Midway deemed a turning point in the war in the Pacific?

Japan lost 4 carriers and could no longer go on the offensive.

What island became known to US Marines as the "Island of Death"?

Guadalcanal

Why was MHS graduate Fredrick Lyman Abbot listed as missing in action in the Philippines?

His ship was sunk and his body was never recovered.

What new tactic did the Japanese introduce at the Battle of Leyte Gulf?

Kamikaze (suicide plane attacks).

What effect did the Battle of Leyte Gulf have on the Japanese Navy?

It destroyed the Japanese fleet and allowed the U.S. to reclaim control of the Philippines.

Why did the US intern Japanese citizens in camps?

Fear they might aid Japan (national security concerns).

Why did the decision in Karamatsu v the US, 1944 favor the US government?

The Court ruled internment was justified for wartime security.

How were the rights of Japanese citizens violated by the enforcement of Executive Order 9066?

Japanese Americans were forced into camps without trials or due process.

What did the Allies learn at the Battle of Okinawa?

Invading Japan would be extremely costly with massive casualties.

Why did President Truman choose to deploy atomic weapons rather than invade Japan?

To quickly end the war and avoid heavy U.S. casualties.

What was the name of the plane that dropped the first bomb? –

Enola Gay.

What was the name of the first atomic bomb? –

Little Boy.

Over what city was the first atomic weapon deployed? –

Hiroshima

What was the second city attacked with atomic weapon? – .

Nagasaki

Who did the US place on trial for war crimes in Japan?

Japanese military and political leaders (Tokyo War Crimes Trials).

How did General MacArthur change the economic and political culture of Japan?

He helped create a democratic government, new constitution, and rebuild the economy.