Language history with grammar elements - EXAM (22.06.2026)
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15 Terms
1. Pick an Indo-European language with the biggest number of native speakers.
Spanish, English, Hindi-Urdu, Portuguese, Bengali, Punjabi & Russian
Most of the words beginning with sk- are of which origin?
Old Norse (Scandinavian)
What must be included in a tone unit?
Tonic syllable
Which tone conveys a strong feeling of approval, disapproval or surprise?
Which language is the most prominent representative of the Eastern Germanic sub-branch?
Gothic, Burgundian & Vandalic
The Vikings were called 'Ashmen' by which group of language speakers?
Germanic Groups
Which language left significant traces on the English language in the form of loanwords connected with law, warfare, sea and maritime crafts, words of everyday usage, such as bank, sister and place names with endings like –by, -thorpe, –thwaite, –toft?
Old Norse
On what materials were runes usually written and how did it impact the writing system?
Eggjum stone, Rök stone
What is Grimm's law?
Consonant change
What, according to Verner's law, explains irregular changes in the Proto-Germanic language?
Consonants that would usually have been the voiceless fricatives f , þ , s , h , hʷ , following an unstressed syllable, became the voiced fricatives β , ð , z , ɣ , ɣʷ
Why is the Gothic translation of the Bible important for linguists?
It preserves "fossilized" grammatical features of Proto-Germanic and early Indo-European that disappeared in all other modern Germanic languages
What is comparative linguistics?
the study of similarities and differences between languages, in particular the comparison of related languages with a view to reconstructing forms in their lost parent languages.
Which languages can be classified as West Germanic Languages?
English, German, Dutch, Afrikaans, Low German, Yiddish, Scots, Luxemburgish & Frisian languages
How is the modern English morphology different from the morphology of old Germanic languages?
What are language isolates?
Natural language that has no demonstrable genealogical relationship with