ASD 4 Cap 7 - Subjunctive with Aunque & Ojalá

What is the general rule for using the indicative vs. the subjunctive with "aunque"?

Use the indicative for established facts (what is happening) and the subjunctive for hypothetical situations or possibilities (what might happen).

Translate: "I will go even if it rains (it's not raining yet)."

Iré aunque llueva.

Translate: "I will go although it is raining (it is raining now)."

Iré aunque llueve.

Transform using "aunque": No tengo un boleto, pero iré al concierto.

Iré al concierto aunque no tengo un boleto. (Indicative, because the lack of a ticket is a known fact).

Transform using "aunque": No sé si él tiene un boleto, pero irá al concierto.

Él irá al concierto aunque no tenga un boleto. (Subjunctive, because having a ticket is uncertain).

Explain the difference: "Ella saldrá aunque llueva" vs. "Ella saldrá aunque llueve."

The first suggests a possibility/hypothetical future; the second states a current reality or fact.

Which mood is "most often" used after the expressions "quizá(s)" and "tal vez"?

The subjunctive mood.

When would a speaker use the future or conditional tense after "quizás" instead of the subjunctive?

When they want to lend a higher degree of certainty to what may happen.

Contrast the certainty: "¡Quizás vengan!" vs. "¡Quizás vendrán!"

"Vengan" (subjunctive) implies less certainty; "Vendrán" (future) implies more certainty.

What does the expression "¡Ojalá!" or "¡Ojalá que!" mean?

It expresses a wish or hope (I hope/wish that...).

Which two specific tenses/moods can follow "Ojalá"?

The present subjunctive or the imperfect subjunctive.

Complete the sentence: Ojalá que nosotros _______ (vender) muchos sombreros.

vendamos (Present Subjunctive).

Complete the sentence to show high uncertainty: Tal vez ellos _______ (saber) la verdad.

sepan (Present Subjunctive).

Complete the sentence to show a high degree of certainty: Tal vez ellos _______ (saber) la verdad.

sabrán (Future).

Translate: "I hope they arrive on time!"

¡Ojalá que lleguen a tiempo!

Rewrite using "aunque": Yo sé que ellos no quieren que lo haga, pero lo voy a hacer.

Lo voy a hacer aunque ellos no quieren que lo haga. (Indicative, because the speaker knows for a fact they don't want it).

Rewrite using "aunque": No sé si ellos quieren que lo haga, pero lo voy a hacer.

Lo voy a hacer aunque ellos no quieran que lo haga. (Subjunctive, because the speaker is unsure of their desire).

True or False: "Ojalá" can be followed by the indicative mood if the wish is very likely to come true.

False. It is always followed by the subjunctive.

Identify the mood: "¡Ojalá vinieran!"

Imperfect Subjunctive.

Conjugation Practice: What is the present subjunctive form of "saber" for the "ellos" person?

sepan.

Conjugation Practice: What is the future tense form of "vender" for the "nosotros" person?

venderemos.

Conjugation Practice: What is the present subjunctive form of "llegar" for the "él/ella" person?

llegue.

Why is the subjunctive used in "Quizás lo sepan, pero no estoy seguro"?

Because the speaker is explicitly expressing doubt/uncertainty.

Why is the future used in "Tal vez lo sabrán. Es casi seguro"?

Because the speaker is expressing a high degree of certainty.