Pharm Final

Lisinopril

class: ACE inhibitor

use: HTN, HF

adverse effects: cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, teratogenic

nursing considerations: monitor BP, K+

Losartan

class: ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

use: HTN

adverse effects: Hyperkalemia, teratogenic, angioedema

nursing considerations: no cough, alternative to ACE inhibitors

Metoprolol

class: Beta blocker

use: HTN

adverse effects: Bradycardia

nursing considerations: hold if hr<60, no sudden discontinuation, avoid use in asthmatics and diabetes

Amlodipine

class: CCB (calcium channel blocker)

use: HTN

adverse effects: peripheral edema especially in ankles and feet

Furosemide

class: loop diuretic

use: HF, HTN, edema

adverse effects: hypokalemia, dehydration, hyperglycemia

nursing considerations: daily weight, monitor electrolytes, take in the morning

Hydrochlorothiazide

class: thiazide diuretic

use: HF, HTN, edema

adverse effects: hypokalemia, dehydration, hyperglycemia

nursing considerations: daily weight, monitor electrolytes, take in the morning

Spironolactone

class: K-sparing diuretic

use: HF

adverse effects: hyperkalemia

nursing considerations: avoid K (potassium) supplements

Digoxin

class: Cardiac glycoside

use: HF, a-fib

adverse effects: toxicity (N/V, vision)

nursing considerations: check apical pulse for one full minute

Nitroglycerine

class: Nitrate

use: Angina

adverse effects: Headache, hypotension

Heparin

class: Anticoagulant

use: clots (PE, DVT, stroke)

adverse effects: bleeding

nursing considerations: monitor aPTT

Warfarin

class: anticoagulant

use: Clots

adverse effects: bleeding

nursing considerations: monitor PT/INR

Atorvastatin

class: HMG Co-A Reductase Inhibitor (statin)

use: Cholesterol - LDL

adverse effects: Rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity, memory loss

nursing considerations: monitor LFTs

Clopidogrel

class: Antiplatelet

use: MI prevention

adverse effects: bleeding

Adenosine

class: Antiarrthythmic

use: SVT

nursing considerations: Rapid IV push

Insulin

class: Hormone

use: Diabetes

adverse effects: hypoglycemia

nursing considerations: know peaks of various insulins

Metformin

class: Biguanide antidaibetic

use: diabetes

adverse effects: lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, NVD

nursing considerations: Hold for contrast

Glipizide

class: Sulfonylurea

use: Diabetes

adverse effects: hypoglycemia

Levothyroxine

class: thyroid hormone

use: hypothyroid

adverse effects: hyperthyroid signs

nursing considerations: AM empty stomach

Propylthiouracil

class: Antithyroid

use: hyperthyroid

adverse effects: hypothyroid symptoms, agranulocytosis-bone marrow suppression

nursing considerations: Monitor LFTs, WBC

Desmopressin

class: Antiduretic hormone (ADH)

use: Diabetes insipidus

adverse effects: hyponatremia, water intoxication

nursing considerations: monitor Na

Glucagon

class: Hormone

use: Treat hypoglycemia

adverse effects: N/V

nursing considerations: Emergency use

Prednisone

class: Steroid

use: Inflammation

adverse effects: Infection, cushing’s, hyperglycemia

nursing considerations: take in the morning

Fludrocortisone

class: Mineralocorticoid

use: addison’s

adverse effects: fluid retention

nursing considerations: monitor BP

Amoxicillin

class: Penicillin

use: Infection

adverse effects: allergic reaction

Vancomycin

class: Antibiotic

use: MRSA, c-diff

adverse effects: red man syndrome

nursing considerations: infuse slowly

Gentamicin

class: aminoglycoside

use: infection

adverse effects: ototoxicity

Ciprofloxacin

class: fluoroquinolone

use: infection

adverse effects: tendon rupture

Tetracycline

class: Antibiotic

use: infection

adverse effects: photosensitivity, tooth development

nursing considerations: don’t take with antacids

Oseltamivir

class: Antiviral

use: flu

adverse effects: GI upset

nursing considerations: start early

Acyclovir

class: Antiviral

use: Herpes

adverse effects: nephrotoxicity

nursing considerations: hydrate

Metronidazole

class: Antibiotic

use: Infection

adverse effects: disulfiram reaction

nursing considerations: no alcohol

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (bactrim)

class: Antibiotic

use: UTI

adverse effects: Stevens Johnson Syndrome, renal toxicity

nursing considerations: increase water intake

Rifampin

class: Antimycobacterial

use: TB

adverse effects: Orange fluids, hepatotoxicity

Morphine

class: Opioid

use: Pain

adverse effects: respiratory depression, CNS depression, constipation

nursing considerations: Monitor RR

Naloxone

class: Antidote

use: Opioid OD

adverse effects: withdrawal

nursing considerations: repeat dosing

lorazepam, midazolam

class: benzodiazepine

use: anxiety, seizures, sedation for OR

adverse effects: sedation, paradoxical effects

nursing considerations: monitor RR

Phenytoin

class: Anticonvulsant

use: seizures

adverse effects: gum hyperplasia

Methylphenidate

class: CNS stimulant

use: ADHD

adverse effects: increase BP, HR, RR, insomnia, nervousness, weight loss

Paroxetine, Fluoxetine

class: SSRI

use: depression, anxiety

adverse effects: serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation, sexual dysfunction

Amitriptyline

class: TCA

use: Depression

adverse effects: anticholinergic

nursing considerations: safety

Chlorpromazine

class: antipsychotic

use: schizophrenia, blocks dopamine and other receptors

adverse effects: extrapyramidal effects

Lithium

class: Mood stabilizer

use: Bipolar

nursing considerations: monitor levels

Omeprazole

class: PPI

use: GERD

nursing considerations: long-term caution

Ondansetron

class: Antiemetic

use: nausea

adverse effects: QT prolongation

Sucralfate

class: GI protectant

use: Ulcers

adverse effects: constipation

nursing considerations: empty stomach

Albuterol

class: Beta-Adrenergic agonist bronchodilator

use: Asthma

adverse effects: tachycardia

nursing considerations: rescue inhaler

Fluticasone

class: Glucocorticoid steroid

use: asthma (inhaler), allergies (nasal spray)

adverse effects: thrush

nursing considerations: rinse mouth

Alendronate

class: biophosphonate

use: osteoporosis

adverse effects: esophagitis

nursing considerations: sit upright

Ferrous sulfate

class: Iron

use: anemia

adverse effects: constipation

nursing considerations: dark stool

Epoetin alfa

class: Hematopoietic

use: anemia

adverse effects: HTN, stroke

nursing considerations: monitor Hgb

Filgrastim

class: Leukopoietic growth factor

use: neutropenia

adverse effects: bone pain

nursing considerations: monitor WBC

Magnesium sulfate

class: electrolyte

use: preeclampsia

adverse effects: respiratory depression, water intoxication, depressed reflexes

nursing considerations: calcium gluconate antidote

Oxytocin

class: oxytocic agent

use: labor, prevent post partum hemorrhage

adverse effects: HTN, hyperstimulation of uterus, water intoxication

Estrogen

class: Hormone

use: contraception, HRT

adverse effects: Blood clots, HTN, abnormal uterine bleeding

Tamulosin

class: Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor blocker

use: benign prostatic hyperplasia

adverse effects: drowsiness, hypotension

Diphenhydramine

class: Antihistamine

use: Allergic rhinitis

adverse effects: anticholinergic effects, sedation

Phenylephrine

class: sympathomimetic decongestant

use: common cold - rhinitis

adverse effects: tachycardia, HTN

Aspirin

class: Antiplatelet, NSAID

use: prevent blood clots, pain, inflammation, fever

adverse effects: GI ulcers, ototoxicity

Ibuprofen

class: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID)

use: pain, inflammation, fever

adverse effects: reval, increased risk of thrombosis

Levodopa/Carbidopa

class: Dopamine replacement drugs

use: parkinsons disease

adverse effects: dyskinesias