gss - t1

globalisation, sustainability and safety. year 2, semester 1, term 1, incomplete

definition globalization

• process by which state/economie ex. become more interconnected through exchange of goods.

• process of increasing interaction en integration.

• expansion of internatial trade, investment and finacial flows that connect into one global market.

• growing interdependence of countries through international organizations, global governance and shared political agreements

Components of globalization

• space and time compression

• interconnections and interdependencies (Local-global nexus)

• transnational actors

• cultural flows (hybrid culture/ global culture)

industrial age

market shift in the 19th century from agricultural society to industrial society

information age

late 20th century, rapid developmetn of digital technology, based on information, knowledge and technology

informational economy

information knowledge and technology are the main sources of growth, productivity and employment

similatities world / global economy

• involve international economic activities

• show interdependence

• multinational corporations operating in many nations

• influenced by globalization, technology and international policies

• measure overall economic performance

different meaning global/ world economy

interdependence and integration among countries vs individual national economies and their combined output

definition network

system of interconnected parts that work together as a whole.

network society

society shaped by connections of information, communication and technology

trends 4 I’s

individualization, informalization, informatization, and internationalization

capitalism

economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned, economic activities are driven by profit, competition and market forces

fordism

industrial system developed in the early 20th century involving mass production of standardised goods by large integrated companies, taylorism

post-fordism/ post-industrialism

industrial system with flexible production, customization, and advanced technology. shift from manufacturing goods to providing services. 

structure to the global economy

international trade, global finance, multinational corporations(MNCs).global labor market. international organizations, technology and communication networks.

Limits to the global economy

political barriers, regionalization, unequal development, environmental constrains, technological gaps

risk society

people/ institutions focus on identifying, controlling and mitigating risks.

green revolution

set of agricultural innovaitons and practices introduced in the mid 20th centurry that drastically increased food production worldwid

la pensee unique

“single thought” ideological conformism, a single dominant way of thinking that discourages debate.

greenwashing

misleading practise by companies/organizations that pretend to be environmentally friendly to nature.

ecological theory

emphasizes that economic development and environmental protection can go hand in hand through innovation, technology, and institutional reforms; technology will solve social and environmental issues

limits to growth

saturation level is unsustainable, environmental systems, implementing sustainable management without altering social relations of production, wealthy countries unwilling to cut back of necessary

internationalist view

multilateral cooperation and collective responsibility, global standards and policies

transformative view

fair trade, green investments and international agreement; encourages sustainable business models and corporate social responsibility(CSR)

pessimistic view

global markets encourage overconsumption, environmental regulations may be weakened to attract investment.

global supply chains

worldwide networks, suppliers → manufacturers → consumers; inputs; services; retail price; value distribution is unequal; raises issues of labor exploitation, environmental impact and unequal calue creation.

optimistic view

free trade and global markets drive innovation, global cooperation can spread sustainable technologies and practices

neoliberalism

economic growth and individual freedom is best achieved through market competition.

neoliberalism and sustainability

interact in a way where market-driven growth can conflict with sustainable development.

eco-efficiency

focuses on reducing environmental impact while maintaining economic value

eco-effectiveness

focuses on designing product, services and systems in a way that they are environmentally positive.

cradle to cradle

a sustainability and design concept that promotes the idea of creating products that can be fully recycled

circular economy

economic system designed to eliminate waste and macimize the continual use of resources

triple bottom line

framework with 3 dimensions of performance: people, planet, and profit or social, environmental, and economic dimension

business ethics

principles, values, and standards that guide behavior in the business environment ensure that companies act responsibly

corporate responsibly

companies should act ethically and contribute positively to society, the economy, and the environment

sustainable development

developing society and the economy in a way that protects the environment and ensures resources are available for future generations

environmental sustainability

responsible management of natural resources and ecosystems to maintain the health of the planet for current and furure generations

economic sustainability

use of resources efficiently and responsibly to ensure stable growth and prosperity

social sustainability

fair, inclusive, and sage society where everyone’s basic needs and rights are respected

business sustainability

long term profitability while creating positive inpact

regionalization

conscious policy of states/ sub-state regions to coordinate activities and institutions in a greater region. Outcomes of the processes should, in principle, benefit all members involved.

glocalization

adapting global product to fit local strategies

rescaling of the economic networks

a process where actors reorganise arrangement of economic activity, from global to local, vice versa

rescaling of scales of governance

shifting of institutional level where authority is exercised.

jumping the scales

transforming civil society relation, empowering and disempowering some

new forms of governance

fundamentally change state/ civil-society relations