Religion

Spanish Missions

permanent Spanish settlements in California to convert natives to Catholicism

Puritans

Protestant English settlers who believed they could purify the Church of England, settled in Massachusetts Bay, strict rules and literacy

John Winthrop

Puritan leader who aspired to create a "City Upon a Hill"

Roger Williams

created Rhode Island colony to provide freedom of religion and separation of church and state

Anne Hutchinson

challenged Puritan gender roles and banished, moved to Rhode Island

Salem Witch Trials

demonstrated religious impact on gender roles in Puritan society

Quakers

settled in Pennsylvania, pacifists, did not believe in formal clergy

First Great Awakening

religious revival in colonies

Jonathan Edwards

First Great Awakening preacher, used fear for conversions, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

George Whitefield

First Great Awakening preacher, held large outdoor revivals

Second Great Awakening

religious revivals in early 1800s, led to many reform movements (public education, prison reform, women's rights, abolitionism, temperance)

Charles Finney

Second Great Awakening preacher, spoke in "burned over district" alone Erie Canal in New York

Cane Ridge

large outdoor revival in Kentucky led by James McGready during Second Great Awakening

Social Gospel

belief that religious conversion should result in social reform

Mormons

led by Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, move to Utah territory (owned by Mexico)

Scopes Trial

substitute teacher tried for teaching evolution in class

civic religion

emphasis on religion during Cold War against Communist Soviet Union

Nation of Islam

combined Islam religion with black pride

Religious Right

conservative wing of Republican party, opposed abortion, supported traditional American family