Motor Learning & Development Flashcards

Terminology and concepts covering motor learning stages, developmental directions, skill phases, and factors affecting performance and learning.

Learning

A change in behaviour or skill that happens through practice or experience

Performance

The observable execution of a skill

Knowledge of performance

Feedback about how a movement/skill was preformed

Knowledge of results

Feedback that tells you whether the skill was succesful or not

Malcolm Gladwell's Rule

The idea that it takes 10,00 hours of practice to master a skill

Verbal/Cognitive Stage

The beginner stage of learning of where a person is thinking through each step of the skill. Slow awkward stage

Associative Stage

The intermediate stage of learning where movements become smoother and more consistent

Autonomous/Automatic Stage

The advanced stage of learning where a skill can be performed automatically with little or no conscious thought.

Critical Periods

Specific times in development when children are more ready to learn certain skills or abilities

Optimal Trainability

The state when you are ready to learn and exposure to skills leads to the best developement

Cephalocaudally

A pattern where the body develops in stages (from the head all the way down to the feet)

Proximo-distally

A pattern of growth where the body develops from the center, outwards

Gross Motor Skills

Large simple movements that use major muscle groups

Fine Motor Skills

Specific, precise movements that are developed after gross motor skills

Preparation Phase

The "wind up" portion of a skill where the body gets ready to perform the skill

Force Producing Movement

The part of a skill where force is generated to perform the movement or move an object

Critical Instant

The key moment that determines whether a skill is succesful or not

Recovery / Follow through

The part after the critical instant where the body slows down and completes the skill

Closed Skills

Skills performed in a controlled environment where technique is most important

Open Skills

Skills performed in an environment that is constantly changing where athletes have to react and adapt

Perceiving (Progression)

The first stage of skill developement where people learn the basics of a skill

Patterning (Progression)

Performing a skill in the right sequence but not smoothly

Adapting (Progression)

Changing a skill to work in different conditions

Refining (Progression)

Performing a skill smoothly and accurately even in difficult situations

Varying (Progression)

when a person combines skills in unique ways for competitive situations

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation that comes from true enjoyment, ideal-term success.

Extrinsic Motivation

Motivation comes from rewards. Not ideal

Transfer of Learning

Using skills you learned from 1 thing to help perform another thing

Mental Practice and Imagery

Seeing yourself perform a skill in your mind before you do it