Solution of Solid in Liquid

Vocabulary terms and factors defining the solubility of solid solutes in liquid solvents based on the lecture notes.

Solubility

Maximum amount of solid solute in gram which can dissolve in $100\,g$ of liquid solvent to form the saturate solution at particular temperature.

Nature of solute and solvent (Polar)

A polar solute dissolved in polar solvent, such as $NaCl$ in water.

Nature of solute and solvent (Non-polar)

A non-polar solute can dissolve in non-polar solvent, such as Iodine in Benzene.

Enthalpy factors for solubility

Solubility is favourable when there is higher hydration enthalpy and lower lattice enthalpy.

Effect of temperature (Endothermic)

For endothermic reaction, solubility increases when temperature increases.

Effect of temperature (Exothermic)

For exothermic reaction, solubility decreases with decrease in temperature.