Social Science I (Standard IX) - Kerala State Syllabus Review

Comprehensive flashcards covering Stone Age transitions, early Indian states, land grant systems, constitutional power distribution, and demographic trends based on the Social Science I textbook for Kerala Standard IX.

How do archaeologists divide human history into different stages?

On the basis of the materials used for making tools.

What are the three divisions of the Stone Age based on tool-making methods?

Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic.

From which Greek words is the term 'Palaeolithic' derived?

'palaeos' (old) and 'lithos' (stone).

What is the difference between 'core' and 'flakes' in Palaeolithic tool making?

When a piece of stone is broken, the largest piece is called the core, and the smaller pieces are called flakes.

Define 'Bands' as they existed in Palaeolithic society.

Small groups of fewer than hundred members who were bound by blood relation.

What are 'microliths'?

Very small stone tools characteristic of the Mesolithic Age.

What were the two radical changes in the Neolithic Age described by Gordon Childe in 'Man Makes Himself'?

The beginning of agriculture and the domestication of animals.

What was the first metal to be discovered and used by humans?

Copper.

Define the 'Chalcolithic Age'.

The period when copper tools were used along with stone tools.

What were the 'Triratnas' proposed by Vardhamana Mahavira?

'Right Belief', 'Right Knowledge', and 'Right Action'.

In which language did Gautama Buddha spread his ideas?

Pali, the language of the common people.

What is the 'Ashtangamarga' in Buddhism often called?

The Middle Path.

What does the Saptanga Theory of Kautilya's Arthashastra state a kingdom rests on?

Seven components: Swami (king), Amathya (ministers), Janapada (land and people), Durga (fort), Kosha (treasury), Danda (justice), and Mitra (friendly countries).

Which dynasty started the practice of giving land grants in the Deccan region to please Brahmins?

The Satavahanas.

What were 'Srenis' in the context of the Gupta period?

Associations of craftsmen and traders, also known as Guilds.

What are 'Prasastis'?

Stone inscriptions erected by rulers of ancient India to proclaim their achievements, such as the Prayaga Prasasti about Samudragupta.

What are the three styles of temple architecture in ancient India?

Nagara, Vasara, and Dravidian style.

When did Jawaharlal Nehru present the 'Objective Resolution' in the Constituent Assembly?

13 December, 1946.

What is the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution?

It mentions the division of powers between the Union and the States through the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.

What is the term for subjects not included in the Union, State, or Concurrent lists?

Residuary Powers, which are vested in the Central Government (e.g., Cyber Laws).

What is the minimum age required to contest in Lok Sabha elections?

$25$ years.

What is the term length for a member of the Rajya Sabha?

$6$ years.

Which Article of the Constitution empowers the Parliament to amend the Constitution?

Article $368$.

What does 'Judicial Review' mean?

The power of the Supreme Court to examine the constitutionality of any law made in the Parliament or orders passed by the executive.

Define 'Demography'.

The systematic study of population, derived from the Greek words 'demos' (people) and 'graphein' (describe).

How often is the Census usually conducted in India?

Once in every $10$ years.

What is 'Sex Ratio'?

The number of females per thousand males in the population.

What is the 'Dependency Ratio'?

The criterion used to compare the dependent category of population (below $15$ and above $64$ years) and the working population ($15$ to $64$ years).

What is the 'Demographic Dividend'?

The economic progress that occurs when the number of employed people is higher than the number of unemployed among the working age population.

Define 'Infant Mortality Rate'.

The number of infants who die within one year out of $1000$ live births in a year.