Cosme Lec: Oral and Dental Care Ingredient Examples

Abrasives in toothpaste

1. Hydrated silica

2. Calcium phosphates (e.g., dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate)

3. Calcium carbonate

4. Disodium pyrophosphate

5. Hydrated alumina (its use has significantly declined over the past 20 years)

6. Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)

Surfactants in toothpastes

anionic surfactants

• Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS),

• Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate,

• Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,

• Sodium laureth phosphate,

• Magnesium lauryl sulfate,

• Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate,

• Dioctyl sulfosuccinate,

• Monoglycerides

Thickeners in toothpaste

• Celluloses (e.g., sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose),

• Alginates (e.g., sodium alginate),

• Gums (e.g., xanthan gum),

• Carrageenan (a thickening agent derived from seaweed),

• Carbomer,

• Clays (e.g., natural processed bentonite, synthetic clays)

pH Regulators in toothpaste example

Sodium hydroxide

Humectants in toothpaste examples

Glycerin, Sorbitol, Propylene glycol

Vehicle in toothpaste formulation

Water

Preservatives in toothpaste

Parabens, Sodium benzoate, Phenoxyethanol

Sweetening Agents in toothpaste

Sodium saccharin, Acesulfame, Aspartame, Sorbitol

Flavoring Agents in toothpaste example

• Mint flavors (e.g., peppermint oil, spearmint oil) for adults

• Bubble gum and fruit flavors for children (e.g., mango, strawberry, apple, banana)

• Essential oils (e.g., menthol, thymol, clove oil, cinnamon oil, eucalyptol, wintergreen oil

Coloring Agents in toothpaste

• Inorganic pigments (e.g., titanium dioxide, mica)

• Organic pigments (e.g., Blue 1, Red 33)

Natural Ingredients in toothpaste examples

• Hydrated silica (cleansing)

• Herbal extracts (e.g., echinacea, myrrh, calendula, chamomile,rosemary, witch hazel)

• Essential oils (antibacterial, antiseptic, freshening)

• Propolis (by-product of bees, antimicrobial)

Anticaries/Common Fluoride Compounds for both:

• Sodium monofluorophosphate

• Sodium fluoride

• Stannous fluoride

Antiplaque and Antigingivitis Components in toothpaste

Stannous fluoride, Triclosan

Antihypersensitivity Agents in toothpaste

• Potassium components, such as potassium nitrate (in 5%), potassium chloride, and potassium citrate, desensitize the tooth nerve endings

• strontium chloride, stannous fluoride (in 0.454%), and calcium sodium phosphosilicate, reduce the permeability of dentin and prevent the nerve endings to be stimulated.

Anticalculus/Tartar control Ingredients in toothpaste and mouthwash

• pyrophosphates, e.g., tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP), disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate; BOTH

• phosphonates, e.g., sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP); TOOTHPASTE

• zinc salts, e.g., zinc citrate, zinc chloride, and zinc lactate; TOOTHPASTE

• as well as a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (PVM/MA). BOTH

Whitening ingredients: Non-bleaching in toothpaste

physical or chemical action

Whitening ingredients: Bleaching in toothpaste

hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide

Antimalodor Ingredients in toothpaste

triclosan, zinc, and stannous fluoride.

Solvent in mouthwash

water and alcohol (i.e., ethanol)

Humectant in mouthwash

glycerin and sorbitol

Surfacatants in toothpaste

nonionic surfactants,

• such as poloxamers (polyoxyethylenated polyoxypropylene nonionic block polymers) and polysorbates, such as polysorbate 80,

anionic components,

• such as sodium methyl cocoyl taurate and sodium lauryl sulfate.

Astringents in mouthwash

zinc chloride, ethanol, and witch hazel.

Preservatives in mouthwash

ethanol; benzoates, such as benzoic acid and sodium benzoate; and parabens

Flavoring Agents in mouthwash

mint, menthol, peppermint oil, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, thymol, and bubble gum.

Coloring agents in mouthwash

Colors may vary from blue to green to purple or can also be yellow and red.

Antiplaque/Antigingivitis Agents of mouthwash

Chlorhexidine, essential oils, cetylpyridinium chloride, and triclosan