NMC3 LAB MIDTERMS (copy)

algae

are autotrophic protists that can be found in pond water.

true

tralse

may either be unicellular or multicellular

Most of these microorganisms are green in color, while a few may be yellowish-brown.

(may red, vorticella :P)

tralse

all algae are green

algae

members of a group of predominantly aquatic photosynthetic organisms of the kingdom Protista

algae

derive solar energy and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to form their biomass

algae

have many types of life cycles, and they range in size from microscopic Micromonas species to giant kelps that reach 60 metres (200 feet) in length.

algae

are photosynthetic organisms that possess photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll

chlorophyll

photosynthetic pigments that algae possessess

phaeophyceae

brown algae

rhodophyceae

red algae

chlorophyta

green algae

plant like algae and animal like protozoa

kingdom protista is divided into:

protozoa

are one-celled animals found worldwide in most habitats.

basta basahin

Most species are free living

Live on moist environment

(All higher animals are infected with one or more species of protozoa)

Protozoa

_ living

_ environment

species, strain, resistance

Infections range from asymptomatic to life threatening, depending on the ___ and ___ of the parasite and the ___ of the host.

protozoa

are microscopic unicellular eukaryotes that have a relatively complex internal structure and carry out complex metabolic activities.

protozoa

Some have structures for propulsion or other types of movement like cilia, flagella, pseudopods

True

tralse

protozoa are microscopic unicellular prokaryotes that have a relatively complex internal structure and carry out complex metabolic activities.

cilia, flagella, pseudopods

Some protozoa have structures for propulsion or other types of movement like: (3)

sarcodina, ciliophora, sarcomastigophora, apicomplexa

Protozoa are classified into four group/phyla. According to mode of locomotion

pseudopodia

mode of locomotion: sarcodina

cilia

mode of locomotion: ciliophora

flagella

mode of locomotion: sarcomastigophora

none in adult form

mode of locomotion: apicomplexa

sarcomastigophora and apicomplexa

Most species causing human disease are members of the phyla

colonial protists

individual protists that form a colony and act as a larger, multicellular organism

yeast

a type of fungi, found in many places from nature, to research labs and even everyday kitchens (baking)

yeast

colonies generally look similar to bacterial colonies.

yeast

Some species, such as Candida, can grow as white patches with a glossy surface.

Candida

Some species of yeast, such as ___, can grow as white patches with a glossy surface.

true

tralse

Yeast colonies generally look similar to bacterial colonies.

Saccharomyces cerevicae

baking yeast, fermenting yeast

candida

is a yeast, a type of fungus, that that is typically found in small amounts on your mouth, skin and in your intestines

candida

may cause fungal infection like cancher sore or candidiasis

mold

is a fungus that eats the organic compound found in bread and other foods and fruits

Penicillium, Cladosporium and black bread mold

common bread molds (3)

false

some are harmless, sum are not

tralse

all molds are harmful

molds

fungi and that often appear whitish gray, with fuzzy edges.

true

tralse

Molds usually turn into a different color, from the center outwards

green mold

Saprophytic

Opportunistic

Pathogenic

Trichoderma harzianum

green mold

green mold

type of mold that is used as a fungicide

true

tralse

Trichoderma readily colonizes plant roots

green mold

able to grow on roots and form symbiotic associations with plants.

aspergillus

Moss green colonies, a white cloud, or a ring of spores can be attributed to the growth of ___, which is common in such fungal infections

aspergillus

health problems caused by ___ include allergic reactions, lung infections, and infections in other organs.

Species of Aspergillus which have been verified as dangerous to humans include:

ü Aspergillus clavatus ü Aspergillus flavus

ü Aspergillus fumigatus

ü Aspergillus glaucus

ü Aspergillus nidulans ü Aspergillus niger

ü Aspergillus oryzae

ü Aspergillus terreus

ü Aspergillus ustus

ü Aspergillus versicolor

familiarize

black bread mold

one of the most common bread molds

black bread mold

(vague question tbh)

also appears on wild fruits and vegetables, especially if they are growing in moist conditions

false

It causes rotting in whatever organic material it consumes, which means that black bread mold can kill plants

tralse

It causes rotting in whatever organic material it consumes, which means that black bread mold can’t kill plants

true

when left untouched, these patches develop black, splotchy centers

tralse

Black bread mold usually appears as fuzzy blue or green patches on the surface of the bread

Rhizopus stolonifer

black bread mold

penicillium bread mold

commonly found in bread

are used by people to purposefully flavor foods, such as blue cheese

penicillium, penicillin

Other species of ___ molds produce a molecule called ___, which is used as an antibiotic.

Alexander Fleming, 1928

The discovery of penicillin from the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum (then known as Penicillium notatum) by Sir ___ in ___, perfected the treatment of bacterial infections.

condiophore, penicillus

name Penicillium comes from the resemblance of the spore producing structures (___) of the fungus to a paintbrush (___, the Latin word for paintbrush)

penicillium

very large and ubiquitous genus of mold which currently contains 354 accepted species

354

penicillium is a very large and ubiquitous genus which currently contains ___ accepted species

penicillium

causes food spoilage, colonizes leather objects and is an indicator organism for dampness indoors.

mycotoxins

Some penicillium species are known to produce toxic compounds

penicillium

commonly called the blue or green molds because they produce enormous quantities of greenish, bluish or yellowish spores which give them their characteristic colors

penicillium

are one of the most common causes of spoilage of fruits and vegetables

P. italicum and P. digitatum

___ and ___ are common causes of rot of citrus fruits

P. expansum

known to spoil apples

pencillium chrysogenum

the most common species in indoor environment.

penicillum

common on damp building materials, walls and wallpaper, floor, carpet mattress and upholstered furniture dust

penicillium roqueforti

Mold that ferment and cure cheese for flavor

penicillium

• It produces a number of toxins of moderate toxicity. It is allergenic

P. verrucosum

produces a mycotoxin, ochratoxin A , which is damaging to the kidney (nephrotoxic) and could be cancer causing (carcinogenic).

penicillium

are important in biotechnology, food, medicine, biodeterioration and other applied fields.

penicillium

species are identified primarily based on the branching habit of the conidiophores

conidiophores (can be simple or branched)

penicillium species are identified primarily based on the branching habit of the ___

cladosporium bread mold

are the most irritating to people with allergies

cladosporium bread mold

cause sneezing, coughing and wheezing if exposure to them is prolonged

cladosporium bread mold

usually appear on the surface of bread as dark patches that range in color from deep green to black

cladosporium bread mold

produce a noticeable strong odor than other bread mold, it is likely to cause vomiting

true

tralse

Penicillium molds, Cladosporium molds can produce mycotoxins; you should avoid prolonged exposure.

hyphae

Most multicellular fungal bodies, commonly called molds, are made up of filaments called ___

mycelium

Hyphae can form a tangled network called a ___ and form the thallus (body) of fleshy fungi.

thallus

Hyphae can form a tangled network called a mycelium and form the ___ (body) of fleshy fungi.

septate hyphae

Hyphae that have walls between the cells are called

nonseptate (coenocytic hyphae)

hyphae that lack walls and cell membranes between the cells are called

colony

Visible mass of microorganisms, all originating from a single mother

false

Colony consists of clone cells genetically alike

tralse

Colony consists of clone cells genetically unlike

colonial morphology

Identification of the cultural characteristics of a bacterium on a agar plate

punctiform

colony size <1mm

small

colony size 1-2mm

medium

colony size 3-4mm

large

colony size >5mm

elevation

Described as the SIDE VIEW of a colony

form

Refers to the SHAPE of the colony

actinomyces

earthy odor (alimuom)

fungi (mostly)

fruity smell

E. coli

fecal odor

E. coli

fecal odor

butyrous

buttery

viscid

sticky

brittle

dry/breakable

mucois

mucus-like

bacillus spp

Abundant, opaque, white waxy growth