Comprehensive Introduction to Genetics in Nursing Practice

Mitosis

Cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells; critical for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction.

Meiosis

Specialized form of cell division in germ cells to produce gametes; results in four non-identical daughter cells.

Gene

Specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA encoding instructions for synthesizing a functional product, usually a protein.

Trisomy 21

Genetic condition caused by having three copies of chromosome 21, commonly known as Down Syndrome.

Law of Segregation

During gamete formation, the two alleles for each gene separate so each gamete carries only one allele.

ABO Blood Group System

Classic example of multiple alleles where Type A and B are codominant, and O is recessive.

X-Linked Inheritance

Genetic traits or disorders located on the X chromosome, affecting males more frequently due to their hemizygous condition.

Mutation

Permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, can be spontaneous or induced by environmental factors.

Haploid Number

Half the diploid number of chromosomes in gametes; in humans, this is 23 (n = 23).

Aneuploidy

Abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, which can result in conditions like Turner Syndrome or Down