Unit 2.3 Metabolism

What are the two ways microorganisms are able to produce ATP

1. Cellular Respiration: final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule (ex: oxygen)

2. Fermentation: does not involve oxygen, final electron acceptor is an organic molecule

Locations of Cellular Respiration in Eukaryotes

Locations of Cellular Respiration in Prokaryotes

How much ATP does aerobic respiration yield vs. anaerobic respiration in prokaryotes?

Aerobic respiration: 32 ATP

Anaerobic respiration: 5-30 ATP

What are the alternative glycolysis pathways for prokaryotes?

1. Entner- Doudoroff pathway: replaces glycolysis-

   1. Per glucose molecule it produces: 2 pyruvic acid, 1 ATP, 1 NADH, 1 NADPH

2. Pentose-Phosphate pathway: used with glycolysis
   - Per glucose molecule it produces: no ATP. 2 NADPH

Differences between NADH and NADPH

• NADH: involved in catabolic reactions

• NADPH: involved in anabolic reactions

What are chemoautotrophs?

Chemoautotrophs: Chemo + Auto = Chemicals + Makes own food

What are chemoheterotrophs?

Chemoheterotrophs: Chemo + Hetero = Chemicals + Eats others

• All animals, fungi and some bacteria

What are photoautotrophs?

Photoautotrophs: Photo + Auto = Sunlight + Makes own food

• Algae

What are photoheterotrophs?

Photoheterotrophs: Photo + Hetero = Sunlight + Eats others

What is fermentation’s initial stage?

Fermentation’s initial stage is glycolysis

How much ATP does fermentation produce?

2 ATP