Option C- Physical Activity and Health

Hypokinetic Disease

A disease linked to physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle.

Coronary Heart Disease

Arteries harden due to plaque build-up, narrowing them.

Stroke

Arterial hardening in the brain.

Hypertension

High blood pressure straining the heart and blood vessels.

Obesity

Excess body fat endangering health, often due to poor diet and inactivity.

Type 2 Diabetes

Affects glucose handling, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Osteoporosis

Bones weaken due to lack of weight-bearing activity over time.

Atherosclerosis

Artery walls harden from cholesterol build-up.

Energy Balance

Influenced by food intake, metabolism, and physical activity.

Appetite Regulation

Insulin lowers blood glucose, leptin signals fullness, ghrelin triggers hunger.

Type 1 vs

Risk factors include obesity, inactivity, high-fat diet, and family history.

Bone Density Changes

Increases till 35-45 years, then decreases.

Osteoporosis Risk

Females at higher risk due to lower peak bone density.

Osteoporotic Fractures Consequences

Loss of independence, secondary complications.

Physical Activity and Bone Health

Weight-bearing activity crucial for bone health.

Exercise Aims in Hypokinetic Disease

Alleviate symptoms, reduce medication need, prevent disease recurrence.

Exercise Effects on Mood

Alleviates bad mood, modifies fatigue, anger, anxiety, and enhances positive moods.

Exercise for Psychological Well-being

Enhances mood, reduces anxiety and depression effects.

Barriers to Physical Activity

Uncontrolled disease, hazards, injuries, health issues.

Strategies for Exercise Adherence

Environmental, reinforcement, goal-setting, social support approaches.

Negative Aspects of Exercise Adherence

Impact on life choices, negative mood, increased tolerance, compulsion awareness.