Chapter 17 Lesson 1

cartography

the art and science of mapmaking

conquistador

a leader in the Spanish conquest of America

caravel

small, fast ship that had a large cargo hold and usually 3 masts with lateen sails

Why did Europeans want to explore and expand their territories?

Expand power, spread religion, trade, gain land - gold, God, glory

Why did Portuguese and Spanish explorers sail in different directions?

Competition, there is a race to find the far east by water

What allowed the Portuguese to explore before other European countries?

They created faster ships that could make longer voyages - the caravel

What advantage did better weaponry give Spanish conquistadors over the Aztec and Inca empires?

Better weapons which meant less men could conquer more people

What other countries settled in the Americas?

France, England, Netherlands

Ferdinand Magellan

Spain - sailed around the world (circumnavigate)

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portugal - funded excursions to explore around the tip of Africa - established a school for sailing

Moctezuma(Montezuma)

Aztec ruler (Mexico)

Atahuallpa

Inca ruler (South America - Peru)

Francisco Pizarro

Spain - conquered the Incas

Hernan Cortes

Spain - conquered the Aztecs

Afonso de Albuquerque

Portugal - admiral who established a port in Goa, India and conquered the Spice Islands from Arab control

Marco Polo

Italian who traveled to China and spent time in Kublai Khan’s court - wrote book, brought spices back

Samuel de Champlain

France - founded Quebec -1st permanent French settlement in the Americas

Bartholomeu Dias

Portugal - found the tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) - established passage to India

John Cabot

England - explored eastern coast of England (was from Italy)

Vasco da Gama

Portugal - traveled around tip of Africa to India (established spice trade)

Amerigo Vespucci

Portugal - traveled with Pedro Cabral - wroten about the lands explored - name was used to describe the new land America - was Italian

Pedro Cabral

Portugal - explored the coast of South America