FOY Instrumental Final

Which of the following answers describes three typical Analytical Instrumental techniques?

X-ray spectrometry, Raman Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Omegatron, Ultratron, Coulomtrey

None of the Above

Fluorescence Spectrophotometry, UV/VIS Spectroscopy, Euclidean Geometry

X-ray spectrometry, Raman Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Which answer represents the correct order of operation for most Analytical Instruments?

Stimulus or Source / Detector or Response / Sample or System under study

Detector or Response / Stimulus or Source / Sample or System under study

None of the Above

Stimulus or Source / Sample or System under study / Detector or Response

Stimulus or Source / Sample or System under study / Detector or Response

Which of the following is not a normal component of Modern Analytical Instruments?

Monochromator

Magnetometer

Attenuated light beam

Photomultiplier Tube

Magnetometer

Which of the following is not normally used for sample quantitation?

Standard Calibration Curve

Standard Addition

Best Guess Scenario

Internal Standard

Best Guess Scenario

Which of the following is not used in normal electrical circuitry?

Voltage (V)

Standard deviation (STD)

Current (I)

Resistance (R)

Standard deviation (STD)

A transducer is a device that converts chemical or physical information into an electrical signal or the reverse. The most common input transducers convert chemical or physical information into a current, voltage, or charge, and the most common output transducers convert electrical signals into some numerical form.

True

False

True

A signal chopper would be used to do which if the following?

All of the above

Monitor the detector

Provide background noise information

Identify the sample

Provide background noise information

Identify the components of the VanDeemter equation.

H

A

Cm

Cs

u (mu)

H- Plate Height

A- Tortuosity / Multiple Flow Paths

Cm- Concentration in the mobile phase

Cs- Concentration in the stationary phase

u (mu) - mobile phase velocity

increasing mobile phase velocity will increase plate height

True

False

False

The tortuosity or multiple flow paths component of the Van Deemter equation is independent of mobile phase velocity.

True

False

True

The concentration term of the Van Deemter equation contributes more to plate height as the mobile phase velocity is increased.

True

False

True

Match the chromatography method to the correct mobile phase.

GC

HPLC

CE

SFC

GC- gas

HPLC- liquid

CE- buffer

SFC- supercritical fluid

Columns in gas chromatography can be significantly longer than other chromatography techniques.

True

False

True

The stationary phase in gas chromatography cannot be a liquid.

True

False

False

You can inject solids into any chromatography system.

True

False

False

Theoretical plates in chromatography are a measure of __________ in a method.

efficiency

retention time

peak height

resolution

efficiency

Match the following detectors with their ability to identify analytes.

FID

Mass Spec

ECD

TCD

UV/VIS

Fluorescence

FID- analyte type specific

Mass Spec- analyte specific (all)

ECD- analyte type specific

TCD- universal

UV/VIS- universal

Fluorescence- analyte type specific

The frequency of transition is 5.4 x 1015Hz. What is the corresponding wavelength?

180,000cm-1

5.6 x 10-8m

560nm

5.6 x 10-6m

5.6 x 10-8m

The wavelength of an absorption is 495nm. In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this lie?

Infrared

Radiowave

Ultraviolet-visible

Ultraviolet-visible

The frequency of a transition is 3.1 x 1010 Hz. What is the energy of this transition?

2.1 x 10-44kJ

2.1 x 10-23kJ

2.1 x 10-44J

2.1 x 10-23J

2.1 x 10-23J

According to Beer's Law, on which of the following does absorbance not depend?

Distance that the light has travelled through the sample

Solution concentration

Extinction coefficient of the sample

Color of the solution

Color of the solution

Emission spectra and absorption spectra:

for a single element complement one another

when combined together form a series of bright lines

for certain pairs of closely-related elements are identical

can be used to identify elements in unknown samples, but only if the element is already known by classical chemical means

for a single element complement one another

In coherent light:

many different frequencies interact with one another to form a multi-dimensional picture

the light is said to carry information

the light waves are in step with one another

the light waves are emitted randomly

the light waves are in step with one another

When an atom absorbs a photon, one of its valence electrons

gains energy

turns into gamma radiation

jumps from a higher to lower energy state

is absorbed by the nucleus

gains energy

Which of the following atomizer/sources is not commonly used in atomic emission spectroscopy?

Electrothermal furnace

Direct current plasma

Inductively coupled plasma

Microwave induced plasma

Laminar flow burner

Laminar flow burner

Of all the atomization techniques used in atomic spectroscopy, which is most commonly used for the

analysis of solid metals and alloys?

electrothermal atomization

flame atomization

arc or spark atomization

inductively coupled plasma

None of the above

arc or spark atomization

Most of the elements that can be determined by atomic spectroscopy are

metalloids.

non-metals.

None of the above

metals.

inert gases.

metals

Which type of radiation has the highest energy

Microwave

IR

X-ray

UV

X-ray

Which of the following is not a nebulizer used in ICP or AA?

Cross - flow nebulizer

Free - flow nebulizer

Glass concentric nebulizer

Ultrasonic nebulizer

Free - flow nebulizer

The general process of sample preparation and isolation in atomic absorption and in atomic emission involves all of the following except...

Volatilization

Desolvation

Atomization

Constellation

Nebulization

Constellation

A monochromator or polychromator is critical to the AA or ICP instrument.

True

False

True

The purpose of a nebulizer in atomic spectroscopy is to create very small dried salt particles of the analyte ion before the sample enters the flame or plasma region where actual atomization occurs.

True

False

True

Nebulization is unnecessary in the AA process, but must always be used in ICP.

True

False

False

Which region of the infrared is used most commonly for analysis?

Far

Near

Middle

Middle

What causes the energy absorption in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum?

bending and stretching

electronic excitation

energy scattering

nuclear fission

bending and stretching

What is the interferometer used for?

frequency interpretation

wavelength information collection in time

energy dispersion

timing

wavelength information collection in time

Fourier Transform (FT) is used to...

store the data

transform the data from the time domain to the frequency domain

transform the data from energy to frequency

transform the interferometer to a monochromator

transform the data from the time domain to the frequency domain

Data from the IR can only be Fourier Transformed, there are no scanning spectrometers.

True

False

False

Double beam systems in IR are common for scanning instruments.

False

True

True

Which of the following statements is wrong?

IR absorption is attributable to transitions between rotational energy levels of whole molecules.

NMR spectrometers use radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation.

UV spectra provide information about valence electrons

UV absorption is attributable to electronic transitions.

IR absorption is attributable to transitions between rotational energy levels of whole molecules.

Which of the following statements regarding mass spectrometry is wrong?

Only cations can be detected by a normal mass spectrometer.

Molecular ion peaks always have even-numbered values of m/z.

A compound whose molecules contain just one bromine atom shows two molecular ion peaks of similar intensity, one at +1 and one at -1 of the average m/z value.

In a normal mass spectrometer, electron impact causes a molecule to lose an electron and become a molecular radical cation which decomposes into fragment cations and radicals.

Molecular ion peaks always have even-numbered values of m/z.

Which of the following statements is wrong?

A conventional mass spectrometer employs high energy UV radiation.

Conventional mass spectrometry does not always require samples of high purity.

A conventional mass spectrometer does not employ a spectrophotometric detector.

A mass spectrum does not show signals due to uncharged radicals.

A conventional mass spectrometer employs high energy UV radiation.

Which of the following statements regarding electron-impact mass spectrometry is true?

A meaningful mass spectrum can sometimes be obtained on a very small sample of an impure compound.

Samples need isotopic labels.

Compounds must have a functional group to show a mass spectrum.

The base peak is formed by loss of one electron from each vaporised molecule by an electron beam.

A meaningful mass spectrum can sometimes be obtained on a very small sample of an impure compound.

When an external magnetic field is applied, what happens to the protons in a sample?

All protons assume a random orientation

All protons align opposite to the field.

All protons align with the field.

Some protons align with the field and some align opposite to it.

Some protons align with the field and some align opposite to it.

Not only the molecular ion peak, but all peaks in the mass spectrum of chlorobenzene are accompanied by a smaller peak one mass unit higher. This peak is due to which of the following?

presence of a 36Cl

capture of a proton

presence of a 13C

capture of an H atom

presence of a 36Cl

The correct order for the basic features of a mass spectrometer is...

acceleration, ionisation, deflection, detection

acceleration, deflection, ionisation, detection

acceleration, deflection, detection, ionisation

ionisation, acceleration, deflection, detection

ionisation, acceleration, deflection, detection

Which one of the following statements about ionisation in a mass spectrometer is incorrect?

it doesn't matter how much energy you use to ionise the atoms

gaseous atoms are ionised by bombarding them with high energy electrons

atoms are ionised so they can be accelerated

atoms are ionised so they can be deflected

it doesn't matter how much energy you use to ionise the atoms

Which of the following is not a good use of mass spectrometry?

calculating the molecular mass of organic compounds

investigating the elemental composition of planets

confirming the presence of O-H and C=O in organic compounds

calculating the isotopic abundance in elements

confirming the presence of O-H and C=O in organic compounds

Proton nmr is useful for investigating the structure of organic compounds because

organic compounds contain carbon atoms

hydrogen atoms are found in nearly all organic compounds

organic compounds are mostly covalent

organic compounds have low boiling points

hydrogen atoms are found in nearly all organic compounds

According to Beer's Law, on which of the following does absorbance not depend?

Solution concentration

Distance that the light has travelled through the sample

Extinction coefficient of the sample

Color of the solution

Color of the solution

Emission spectra and absorption spectra

for a single element complement one another

for certain pairs of closely-related elements are identical

when combined together form a series of bright lines

can be used to identify elements in unknown samples, but only if the element is already known by classical chemical means

for a single element complement one another

Which of the following answers describes three typical Analytical Instrumental techniques?

None of the Above

X-ray spectrometry, Raman Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Fluorescence Spectrophotometry, UV/VIS Spectroscopy, Euclidean Geometry

Omegatron, Ultratron, Coulomtrey

X-ray spectrometry, Raman Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Which type of radiation has the highest energy

UV

X-ray

Microwave

IR

X-ray

Match the following Instrumental techniques to one of its common detectors.

Mass Spectrometry

ICP

AA

IR

NMR

Mass Spectrometry- electron multiplier

ICP- Photodiode array

AA- Photomultiplier Tube

IR- pyroelectric transducer

NMR- RF detector

Match the following wavelength selectors to the correct instrument.

ICP

IR

UV/VIS

Fluoresence

ICP- grating monochromator

IR- Interferrometer

UV/VIS- Grating or prism monochromator

Fluoresence- Two monochromators