IP Addressing

CompTIA+ Network Learning

IP Address

An assigned numerical label used to identify internet communicating devices on a computer network.

Internet Protocol Address

Another term for IP address.

Layer 3

The layer of the OSI model where IP addresses are used and routers use them to send data between networks.

Layer 2

The layer of the OSI model where MAC addresses are used for devices within the same network or LAN.

MAC Address

A unique identifier assigned to network devices at the Layer 2 level.

OSI Model

A conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a network into seven layers.

Mailing Address

An analogy used to explain how IP addresses work, comparing them to a home address for a computer.

ZIP Code

A numerical code used in the United States postal system to identify specific areas for mail delivery.

IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4, the most common type of IP addressing used in networks.

IPv6

Internet Protocol version 6, another type of IP addressing used in networks.

Objective 1.4

A learning objective in the course that focuses on configuring a subnet and using appropriate IP addressing schemes.

Objective 1.6

A learning objective in the course that focuses on explaining the use and purpose of network services.

Dotted decimal notation

A way of representing IP addresses using decimal numbers separated by periods, making it easier for humans to read and type.

True binary form

The binary representation of an IP address, where each octet is written as a string of 1s and 0s.

Subnet mask

A 32-bit number used to divide an IP address into a network portion and a host portion. It is often represented in dotted decimal notation and has continuous strings of ones or zeros.

Default Class C subnet mask

A subnet mask with the value 255.255.255.0, which is used for Class C IP addresses.

Network portion

The part of an IP address that identifies the network to which a device belongs.

Host portion

The part of an IP address that identifies a specific device within a network.

Class A address

An IP address with a first octet between 1 and 127, which has a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. It allows for 16.7 million possible host IP addresses on a single network.

Class B address

An IP address with a first octet between 128 and 191, which has a default subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. It allows for 65,536 possible host IP addresses on a single network.

Class C address

An IP address with a first octet between 192 and 223, which has a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. It allows for 256 possible host IP addresses on a single network.

Class D address

A special type of IP address used for multicasting or multicast routing, which does not have a default subnet mask assigned to it.

Class E address

A special type of IP address reserved for experimental purposes, which does not have a default subnet mask assigned to it.

Classful mask

The default subnet mask for a given class of IP address, which may not always be the most suitable one to use.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A process where a router changes a private IP address into a public IP address when accessing the internet.

Private IP

IP addresses that can be used within local area networks and are not publicly routable. They include IP ranges such as 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, and 192.168.0.0.

Public IP

IP addresses that can be directly accessed over the internet and assigned to a network by an internet service provider. They are globally managed by ICANN and are publicly routable.

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

A process of subnetting that allows for the creation of smaller networks with fewer hosts by using a classless subnet mask.

CIDR notation

A shorthand notation for representing IP addresses and subnet masks. It consists of writing the IP address followed by a slash and a number, representing the number of bits in the subnet mask.

Subnetting

The process of dividing a large network into smaller networks, allowing for more efficient use of IP addresses and better network management.

RFC 1918

A document that defines the ranges for private IP addresses, including IP ranges such as 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, and 192.168.0.0.

Network Address Translation (NAT)

A process where a router changes a private IP address into a public IP address when accessing the internet.

Private IP

IP addresses that can be used within local area networks and are not publicly routable. They include IP ranges such as 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, and 192.168.0.0.

Public IP

IP addresses that can be directly accessed over the internet and assigned to a network by an internet service provider. They are globally managed by ICANN and are publicly routable.

Intranet

A private network or local area network (LAN) within an organization.

Private IP

An IP address that is reserved for use within private networks, such as Class A (10.x.x.x), Class B (172.16.x.x - 172.31.x.x), and Class C (192.168.x.x) addresses.

Class A Address

An IP address that starts with "10" in the first octet, used for private networks.

Class B Address

An IP address that starts with "172.16" to "172.31" in the first two octets, used for private networks.

Class C Address

An IP address that starts with "192.168" in the first two octets, used for private networks.

Loopback Address

The IP address 127.0.0.1 used to send data to the host itself for testing network protocols.

APIPA

Automatic Private IP Addressing, dynamically assigned IP addresses (169.254.x.x) when a DHCP server is unavailable.

Virtual IP Address

An IP address that does not correlate to a physical network interface, used for network address translation, fault tolerance, and virtualization.

Sub-interfaces

Virtual interfaces created by dividing a physical interface into multiple logical interfaces, often used for inter-VLAN routing of traffic.

Unicast

A one-way conversation between two people, where data is transferred from one specific source to one specific destination.

Multicast

Data transfer from a specific source to multiple specific destinations, allowing communication with a group of recipients.

Broadcast

Data travels from a single source to all the sources on a destination network, reaching all devices connected to the network.

IP Address

A unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network, used for identification and communication.

Subnet Mask

A number used to divide an IP address into network and host portions, determining the size of the network.

Default Gateway

The IP address of the router used to connect a local network to other networks.

DNS Server

The server that converts domain names to IP addresses, allowing devices to connect to websites using human-readable names.

WINS

Windows Internet Name Service, used in Windows domains to convert NetBIOS names to IP addresses.

Static IP Assignment

Manually assigning IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS/WINS servers to devices on a network.

Dynamic IP Assignment

Automatically assigning IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS/WINS servers using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a network protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration information to devices.

BOOTP

Bootstrap Protocol, an older protocol used to dynamically assign IP addresses and load boot images over the network.

APIPA

Automatic Private IP Addressing, a feature that allows devices to assign themselves an IP address when a DHCP server is not available.

ZeroConf

Zero Configuration Networking, a set of technologies that allows devices to automatically discover and connect to each other on a local network without manual configuration.

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other required data to clients connecting to a network.

IP address management

The ability to track and monitor IP address usage and activity through logs.

APIPA

Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing, a self-assigned IP address that a client assigns to itself if it cannot reach a DHCP server.

ZeroConf

Zero Configuration or ZeroConf is a technology that assigns an IPv4 link-local address to a client and allows for name resolution and service discovery without the need for DNS.

Chart

A visual representation of the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 used as positions in binary conversion.

Binary Conversion

The process of converting decimal numbers to binary numbers and vice versa.

Decimal Number

A number expressed in the base-10 system, which uses digits 0-9.

Binary Number

A number expressed in the base-2 system, which uses digits 0 and 1.

Subnetting

The process of dividing a large network into smaller networks using logical IP addressing.

Classful Subnet Mask

The default subnet mask for a class A, B, or C network, which may not be optimal for the subnet size.

Class A, B, and C Address

Different classes of IP addresses used for network identification.

Default Mask

The default subnet mask associated with a class A, B, or C network.

Slash Notation

A shorthand notation used to represent subnet masks by indicating the number of bits set to 1 in the mask.

Assignable IP Addresses

The number of IP addresses available for assignment in a subnet, excluding the network ID and broadcast ID.

Subnet

A smaller network created by borrowing host bits from the original network.

Slash notation

A shorthand notation used to represent the size of a subnet, indicated by the number of bits borrowed from the original network.

Networks

The number of subnets created when borrowing host bits from the original network.

IPs

The number of assignable IP addresses in each subnet.

Usable IPs

The number of IP addresses available for assignment to devices, excluding the network and broadcast addresses.

Network name

The first IP address in a subnet, used to identify the subnet.

Broadcast

The last IP address in a subnet, used to send data to all devices in the subnet.

CIDR notation

Classless Inter-Domain Routing notation, a shorthand notation used to summarize multiple subnets as a single route.

VLSM

Variable-Length Subnet Masking, a technique that allows subnets of different sizes to be used within a network.

Routing protocols

Protocols that support VLSM and allow for the routing of data between different subnets.

Subnetting chart

A chart that shows the relationship between CIDR notation, number of networks, and number of assignable IPs.

Point-to-point connection

A type of connection where only two devices are connected, typically requiring a /30 subnet with four IPs, two of which are usable.

Practice subnetting problems

Exercises that involve calculating subnets and assignable IPs within a given network range.

Variable-length subnetting problem

A subnetting problem that involves creating subnets of various sizes within a network.

VLSM

Variable Length Subnet Masking is a technique used in IP addressing to allocate different subnet sizes based on the number of IP addresses required by different departments or networks.

CIDR notation

Classless Inter-Domain Routing notation is used to represent the network address and subnet mask in a concise format, such as /24 or /27.

Subnet

A subnet is a logical division of an IP network that allows for better organization and management of network resources.

Network address

The first IP address in a subnet, which represents the network itself.

Broadcast address

The last IP address in a subnet, which is used to send data to all devices on the network.

Dump sheet

A sheet of paper or notes that test-takers are allowed to write on during an exam to help them remember important information.

Network administrator

A person responsible for managing and maintaining computer networks within an organization.

Private IP address

An IP address that is used within a private network and is not accessible from the internet.

Branch office

A smaller office or location of a company that is separate from the main headquarters.

Subnetting

The process of dividing a network into smaller subnetworks to improve performance and manageability.

Assignable IP's

The number of IP addresses that can be used within a network.

Network

The IP address that represents the network itself.

Broadcast

The IP address that represents all devices within the network.

Subnetting

The process of dividing a network into smaller subnetworks.

Subnet

A smaller network created by dividing a larger network.