Social Psycholgy 2

Stereotypes

schemata about groups, ideas about what members of diff. groups are like

Prejudice

undeserved, negative attitude toward groups, stereotyping leads to it; explicit and implicit

Explicit attitude prejudice

conscious of the negative attitude

Implicit attitude prejudice

something that influences our behavior w/o us being aware of it

discrimination

acting on a prejudice, and then strengthens stereotype and prejudice

ethnocentrism

belief that ones culture/ethnicity is superior to others, own is norm and look down on others

mutliculturalism

involves recognition of contribution of many groups to society

individualistic cultures

stand out and pursue what is best for yourself

collectivist cultures

put more value on wellbeing of group

out-group homogeneity bias

people tend to see members of their own group as unique and other groups as the same

origin of stereotypes and biases

social learning, cognitive processes (it is unavoidable)

combating prejudice

contact theory, superordinate goal

contact theory for combating prejudice

contact between hostile groups can reduce animosity when working towards superordinate goal

superordinate goal

goal that benefits all and necessitates participation of all

Robbers care study

antagonistic groups were brought to work together in a camp emergency

instrumental aggression

an aggressive act is intended to secure a particular end

ex. Bobby kicks carol to get her doll

instrumental aggression

hostile aggression

has no clear purpose

ex. Bobby is angry and upset and kicks carol

hostile aggression

frustration aggression hypothesis

the feeling of frustration makes aggression more likely

Bobo doll experiment

aggression can be modeled

prosocial behavior

factors that make people more likely to help one another

bystander effect

larger number of people witnessing problem, less likely to help; diffusion of responsibility, pluralistic ignorance

diffusion of responsibilty

we feel less responsible to be the one to help if there are more people

pluralistic ignorace

people decide what is the appropriate behavior in a situation by looking at others

factors that increase attraction

similarity, proximity, reciprocal liking

self disclosure

sharing things about oneself, involved in concept of love