The Ultimate TSA Forensics Study Guide 2019

Passive Stains

Drops, Flows, and Pools, results from gravity acting

Transfer Stains

object coming in contact with existing blood stains and leaving wipes, smears, or pattern transfers

Impact Stains

blood projecting through air and usually seen as splatters. (May also include gushes, splashes, and arterial spurts.)

Gunshot Splatter

Includes forward splatter from exit wound and back splatter from entrance wound. Typically: Forward is a fine mist and the back is larger, fewer drops.

Cast-Off

Results when an object sung in arc flings blood onto nearby surfaces. Tail points in direction of motion and the number of arcs can show minimum number of blows.

Arterial Spray

Spurt of blood when a major artery is severed with new pattern created each time the heart pumps

Expired Splatter

blood from an internal injury mixing with air from lungs being expelled through the nose, mouth, or an injury to airways or lungs, forms a very fine mist and some blood stains are latent.

Sharp Force Injuries (Stabbing)

Less blood being deposited on the instrument, smaller more linear patterns of stains

Blunt Force Injuries (Hitting or Beating)

larger surface area will collect more blood, producing drops of various sizes.

Gunshot Injuries

Mist like splatter caused by bullets entering and exiting a body.

Transient Evidence

evidence that might be expected to degrade or disappear within a particular time frame

Exsanguination

Bleeding to death

Sharp Instruments

Make incised wounds

Blunt Objects

Produce lacerations (deep cut or tear in flesh or skin)

Altor Mortis

Cooling of body after death

How long Lividity Lasts

36 hours

Lividity

Discoloration of the body after death. Takes minutes to an hour

Rigor Mortis

Stiffening of a body after death. It takes about 4 hours after death

Classified as Traumatic Death

Suicidal, Homicidal, Accidental

5 Manners of Death

Natural, Accidental, Homicidal, Suicidal, Undetermined

Manner of Death

The Fashion of how the death came to be

Mechanism of death

The fashion of how the death came to be

Considered Trauma

Thermal, Mechanical, Chemical

Number of permanent teeth found in a typical human mouth

32

Most likely be the most clear and distinct bite

A fresh bite into tissues containing lots of muscle

Poorly defined bite marks associated with possible tearing of tissue and frequent occurring as multiple bites

Defensive Bite Marks

Field that studies disease, disease causes, and diagnosis of disease

Pathology

The Primary Duty of a forensic expert in a court of law

To Tell the Truth

what Forensic Science is often called

Public Science

Fundamental purpose of the criminal justice system

to protect the right of the accused

Word the ancient Greeks used to indicate the proper harmony of feeling and intellegence

Reason

Decides if someone is qualified as an expert witness

The Judge

What the Term "Forensics" means

Related to public or legal matters

The way the office of the coroner in English law is unique

Coroner have a duty to conduct investigations into matters within their jurisdiction

An Official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious death

Coroner

May be conducted over the personal, moral or religious objections of next of kin if the medical examiner of coroner determines it is nessecary to determine cause of pain

Autopsies in the US

What the measurement of a conclusion drawn from scientific data is called

the Degree of Scientific certainty

gross examination

deals only with what is visible to the unaided eye

Hair Cutting

Contains Mitochondria DNA

Statue of Limitations for investigation cause of death

No limits

The most important single consideration in collecting and preserving a loaded or potentially loaded as evidence

safety

A strong smell of gasoline at a crime scene would be an example of what kind of evidence?

Transient Evidence

A rough crime scene sketch

shows all measurements

appropriate primary container for the collection and preservation of dried blood collected from the surface of an object

Folded Paper

Video taping for documentation purposes at a crime scene is not an acceptable subsitute for

A.taking notes,

B.taking photograph,

C.sketching crime scene, or

D.none of the above?

none of the above

what the first responder at the crime scene does

safety first

type of evidence that always requires inference of one face from a fact that has been proven in court

circumstantial evidence

The primany purpose of forensic evidence in a criminal trial

to physically link the defendant to the crime scene,

What Forensic Scientist Differ From Other Scientists

They have Legal Obligaations to which they must conform their conduct

A Sequence of events that although accidential, seems to be planned or arranged

coincidence

Fact of Opintions generated of supported by the use of one or more of the forensic science

Forensic Evidence

Evidence that associates a particualr person with a crime scene or the commission of a crime

individual characteristic Evidence

Court Approved information that the jury is allowed to consider when determmining a defendant's guilt or innocence

Evidence

Scientifc Data Used in a courtroom setting to establish the connation of a person to a crime

Evidence

Transfer Stains

Object coming in contact with existing blood stains and leaving wipes, smears, or pattern transfers

Impact Stains

Blood projecting through air and usually seen as splatters. (May also include gushes, splashes, and arterial spurts.)

Gunshot Splatter

Includes forward splatter from exit wound and back splatter from entrance wound. Typically: Forward is a fine mist and the back is larger, fewer drops.

Arterial Spray

Spurt of blood when a major artery is severed with new pattern created each time the heart pumps

Expired Splatter

Blood from an internal injury mixing with air from lungs being expelled through the nose, mouth, or an injury to airways or lungs, forms a very fine mist and some blood stains are latent.

Sharp Force Injuries

Less blood being deposited on the instrument, smaller more linear patterns of stains

Blunt Force Injuries

Larger surface area will collect more blood, producing drops of various sizes.

Transient Evidence

Temporary evidence, is expected to degrade after a period of time. ex. odors, temperature, footprints

Exsanguination

Bleeding to death

Algor Mortis

Cooling of body after death

Lividity

Discoloration of the body after death. Takes minutes to an hour. Lasts for 36 hours

Rigor Mortis

Stiffening of a body after death. It takes about 4 hours after death

The Three Classifications of Traumatic Death

Suicidal, Homicidal, Accidental

The 5 Manners of Death

Natural, Accidental, Homicidal, Suicidal, Undetermined

Amount of teeth in an adult mouth

32

Forensic Pathology

Pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse

The Primary Duty of a forensic expert in a court of law

To Tell the Truth. They have Legal Obligations to which they must conform their conduct

Public Science

What forensic science is often called

The meaning of the term "forensics"

Related to public or legal matters

Coroner

An Official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious death

Degree of Scientific certainty

The measurement of a conclusion drawn from scientific data

Gross Examination

Deals only with what is visible to the unaided eye

Hair Cutting

Contains Mitochondria DNA

Circumstantial Evidence

Evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact—like a fingerprint at the scene of a crime. By contrast, direct evidence supports the truth of an assertion directly—i.e., without need for any additional evidence or inference.

Chromotography

Method used by scientists for separating organic and inorganic compounds so that they can be analyzed and studied

Retention Factor

The retention factor of a particular material is the ratio of the distance the spot moved above the origin to the distance the solvent front moved above the origin

Keratin

The protein that hair is primarily made of

Amount of ridges an adult human has on one finger

150

Percentage of arched fingerprints

5%

Percentage of looped fingerprints

70%

Percentage of whorl fingerprints

25%

How DNA is replicated in a laboratory

Using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence

Natural and synthetic

Two primary categories of fibers

Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide exposure

The victim would probably be dead. The skin would be pale or pink with the lips being bright red. Symptoms include headaches, weakness, vomiting, confusion, and loss of consciousness.

Ingestion, Inhaled, or Absorbed through skin.

Ways a person can get a toxin

Luminols

Locates blood in a crime scene even if it is cleaned up.

Hai Duan Yu

He wrote the first known book on Forensic Medicine autopsy.

GSR

Gun Shot Residue

preservatives

To prevent bacterial or fungal growth.

Cast-Off

Results when an object sung in arc flings blood onto nearby surfaces. Tail points in direction of motion and the number of arcs can show minimum number of blows.

The cause of finger print ridge patterns

Amount and location of volmer pads in thick skin

Blow flies

The insect that is usually first to come in contact with the body

Whorl

Consists of a series of almost concentric circles.

*has two deltas

*Four types of these patterns

Arches

ridges flow in one side and flow out the

opposite side. There are no deltas in this pattern

*There are two types of these patterns

Loop

the ridges will flow in one side, recurve, touch or pass through an imaginary line drawn from the delta to the core, and exit the pattern on the same side as it entered.

*has only one delta.

*There are two types of these patterns

Fibers

are the smallest indivisible unit of a textile, it must be at least 100 times longer than wide. Fibers are twisted together to make up yarn.