KCC FINAL

Fatty acids with no double bonds, and thus the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bound to the carbon, are called

saturated fats

When a gene is ___________, it is turned on to make the protein that it codes for.

expressed

Which of the following best describes cancer?

cancer is when your own cells get mutated and enter an unregulated state of mitosis

In what part of the body are the axillary lymph  nodes located?

armpit

When water passes through a membrane due to the relative concentrations of water molecules, the process is called

osmosis

Living cells assemble polymers through a process called

dehydration synthesis

The instructions for synthesizing all of the body's proteins is contained in _________, while the _________ works with the ribosomes to actually carry out the process.

DNA; RNA

During mitosis, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during ____________, and are pulled away from each other to opposite sides of the cell during ____________.

metaphase; anaphase

The elbow is ______to the wrist.

proximal

Another name for digestion is

hydrolysis

Extreme temperature or pH can ________________ a protein, which destroys its ability to function properly

denature

If distilled water (100% pure water) is added to human body tissues, that solution is considered to be ____________ to human cells. and will cause the cells to ____________.

hypotonic; burst

Copying genetic instructions from the DNA to the RNA is called ___________, while converting the genetic information from mRNA to the amino acid sequence of a protein is called ___________.

transcription; translation

98% of the cell membrane is made up of lipids. Of those lipids, 75% are _________, 20% are _________, and 5% are _________.

phospholipids; cholesterol; glycolipids

Unstable atoms with unpaired electrons that can damage tissues are called

free radicals

If a person complains of rebound pain in the Right Lower Quadrant of the abdomen, which would be the first organ to look at as a possible source of the pain?

appendix

Which of the following is NOT true of biological catalysts?

they get used up by the reactions they catalyze

In what area of the body is a lumbar puncture performed?

lower back

A common place in the body for hernias to occur is in the region where the thigh meets the abdomen. What is this region called?

inguinal

The part of a nucleotide that contains the "information" in DNA and RNA is the

nitrogenous base

Which of the following is not a property of water?

It is an electrically neutral molecule

_________ RNA carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes, while _________ RNA delivers the amino acids to the ribosomes for assembly, and _________ RNA comes together to form the ribosomes.

messenger; transfer; ribosomal

The breastbone is ______to the spine.

anterior

Which of the following best represents the normal pH range of human blood

7.35 - 7.45

All of the chemical reactions in the body that are necessary to stay alive and healthy is also known as

metabolism

Which of the following levels of protein structure is NOT correctly paired with its description?

quaternary structure - the DNA sequence that codes for the the protein

Proteins in the cell membrane that receive signals from other cells are called

receptors

The healthier form of cholesterol that actually helps to prevent heart disease is

HDL

The basis for chemical reactions occurring is

molecular motion and collisions

Molecules that can ionize in water and generate an electric current are called

electrolytes

When a cell activates the genes it needs to develop into a specialized, mature cell, the process is called

differentiation

The skin is ______to the skeleton.

superficial

In which of the following planes would you be viewing a persons body from the SIDE, as in the following CT scan of a human head?

sagital

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis?

creating gametes (egg and sperm cells)

The polysaccharide used for energy storage in human

glycogen

Acid reflux pain would most likely be felt in which abdominal region?

epigastric

In which body cavity would one find the HEART?

thoracic

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of diffusion through a membrane?

the amount of ATP available

In what part of the body is the brachial artery located?

arm

Stem cells that can differentiate into most, but not all types of cells are called

pluripotent

Which of the following shows the stages of DNA Replication in the correct order?

Initiation -> Elongation -> Termination

The maintenance of a stable internal environment through feedback mechanisms is known as

homeostasis

In which body cavity would one find the small intestine and the stomach?

abdominal

Proteins in the cell membrane that open and close to allow ions into or out of the cell are called

ion channels

Which of the 5 senses may be affected by an orbital injury?

vision

Structure C

Articular Cartilage

Structure G

Medullary Cavity

Structure A

scapula

Structure C

ulna

Structure F

metacarpals

Simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium often have goblet cells present. What is the function of these goblet cells?

secrete mucus

Label #4

Mandible

Label #10

Zygomatic Bone

Label #14

Occipital Bone

Skin is important for calcium and phosphate absorption because

it is where vitamin D synthesis begins

In which layer of the epidermis will you find the mitotic stem cells that regenerate the skin?

stratum basale

The main growth stage of human hair is __________, and can last for _________.

anagen; 2-7 years

Diarthrotic joints that can freely rotate in many directions, such as the shoulder and hip joints, are called ___________ joints.

ball and socket

Which of the following is NOT true of individuals with darker skin colors?

they have more melanocytes

The part of a long bone where bones continue to grow in length (until this growth ends in a person's late teens or early 20's) is called the

epiphyseal plate

Lack of use of bone causes the bone to

atrophy

The type of cartilage that covers the ends of bones at joints, and is found in the airways of the respiratory system is called

hyaline cartilage

Vitamin D is important for

calcium absorption

Growth hormone

all of the above

New nail cells are formed from the _________.

nail matrix

Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system?

eyes

Fat tissue is actually called

adipose tissue

Bone-making cells are called

osteoblasts

Which number in the diagram below represents the location of the lumbar vertebrae?

3

Diarthrotic joints that can only move in one direction, like the knee or elbow joints, are called ___________ joints.

hinge

A bone fracture that penetrates the skin is known as a ______________ fracture.

compound

Which of the spinal curvatures in the image below represents scoliosis?

B

The urinary bladder is able to stretch when full of urine, and then return back to its original position due to the presence of _______________ epithelium.

transitional

The thick, strong, flexible protein fibers that provide a tremendous amount of strength and durability to the connective tissues in your body are called:

collagen

Skin can help regulate body temperature through

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Which letter in the diagram below is pointing to the Ileum?

A

Which number in the diagram below is pointing to the true ribs?

2

Structure A

distal phalanx

Structure D

metatarsal

Structure E

tarsals

Joints that cannot move are known as ___________ joints

synarthrotic

Which of the following best describes the papillary layer of the dermis?

the upper, loose areolar tissue layer of the dermis

Which of the following is the structure from which new hair cells are created?

hair matrix

The loose connective tissue that binds organs and skin to surrounding structures, and supplies the epithelium with nutrients and oxygen from the blood is called

areolar tissue

Due to the flat, thin nature of simple squamous epithelium, it is best suited for

diffusion and filtration

Structure B

femur

Structure D

tibia

Structure F

tarsal

A ____________ fracture, in which the bone is twisted hard enough to break, is a red flag for child abuse when present in children, particularly toddlers.

spiral

Which of the following abnormal skin colors is not correctly paired up with the visible skin hue?

albinism - splotches of light and dark skin

Which type of epithelium makes up the top layer of your skin, making it more resistant to abrasions (injuries from rubbing and scraping)?

stratified squamous

The thick, dead, outermost layer of the epidermis that provides mechanical protection, blocks microbes, and prevents dehydration is called the

stratum corneum

Muscles usually pull bones towards the

origin tendon

A group of muscle fibers innervated by the same motor neuron are called a

motor unit

J

deltoid

O

transversus abdominus

P

pectoralis major

Q

rectus abdominus

The functional unit of skeletal muscle is called a ____________

sarcomere

E

triceps brachii