HISTORY FINAL

Forces driving imperialism (8)

1. industrial revolution

2. european nationalism

3. religion as an excuse to exploit

4. humanitarian work

5. population shifts

6. social/ environmental shifts

7. military bases in new colonies

8. european racism

what was the berlin conference

european nations decide how to split up africa

why was the berlin conference unfair and why did it take place

no african representatives were invited and europe wanted land labor and capitol - specifically for natural rescources

Who rules congo and why did europe imperialize there

King Leopald II

• europe claimed humanitarian work but instead exploited its people for rubber

What was the Boer war, who was involved, who won

Dutch (boers) vs britian for natural rescources in south africa- britian won

Types of colonialism (4)

1. colony

2. protectorate

3. sphere of influence

4. economic imperialism

Colony definitiom

country governed by a foreign country

protectorate def

country has its own government but takes orders from a foreign country

sphere of influence definition

forced exclusive agreement for rescources and access

economic imperialism def

trade

Direct control

imperializing nation fully controls

indirect control

representatives enforce rules

assimiliation

adhereing to a foreign countrys way of life

Paternalism

foreign country acts as a guide

How was africa able to resist imperialism and how did europe overcome them (3)

1. Geographic - steam engine

2. Strong armies - machine gun

3. Disease - quanine (malaria)

How did ethiopia resist euro imperialism

King melenik unified its 3 major groups

Battle of Adwa competitors

Ethiopia vs italy

How did ethiopia win the battle of adwa and how did it impact them

enlisted help from france and russia but they gained spheres of influence- costing ethiopias independence

How was colonial rule in africa positive (4)

1. infrastructure

2. sanitation

3. literacy

4. economic growth

How was colonial rule in africa negative (4)

1. cash crops depleated soil= famine

2. disease

3. war and death

4. loss of independence and culture

Ottoman empire weaknesses (4)

1. corrupt gov

2. internal conflict

3. traditionalism vs modernism

4. nationalism

what was the nickname for the ottoman empire and why

“gatekeepers of the mediterranean” had high geopolitical value

what was the crimean war and who was involved

Ottoman emp vs russia

Russia needed warm water ports and oil because it industrialized late

How did Ottoman empire win the crimean war and how did it affect them

enlisted help from britain and france but they gained SOI= less freedom/independence

What was the great game and who was involved and where was it fought

Britian vs russia fought in persian emp for oil and SOI in persia

They fought indirectly through local groups because of rough terrain

how did the great game end

non aggression pact, increased internal conflict in afghanistan

Why did countries want to imperialize in persia

oil, tobacco, trade, sphere of influence

what was the impact of imperialism in persia (2)

1. modernization = internal conflict with traditionalists

2. brit. had access to oil = lose economic profit

Why was there imperialism in egypt (4)

1. trade

2. cash crops

3. SOI

4. suez canal

How did muhammed ali build the suez canal

enlist financial support from britian and france

negative effects of suez canal (3)

1. heavy labor

2. expensive

3. loss of economic and political independence

postive effects of suez canal (4)

1. trade and economic growth

2. military use

3. modernization

Where was the britian east india co. located and what did it do

Located in india and was a joint stock company that established economic control after spain and portugal focused on the Americas

What did the british east india company have as its military

It had its own military of british officials and Sepoy soldiers which were hindu and muslim soldiers

What was the Sepoy rebelion and why did it take place

Hindus and muslims wanted to overthrow british rule but couldnt decide who would rule

Britian used pork + beef lard to coat gunpowder which was culturally offended, causing them to rebel

The Raj

Britian brought its own military in to combat the sepoy rebelion and established direct control

Sikhs

sided with britian during the sepoy rebellion because they were scared of the return of the mughal empire

What was indias nickname and why

Jewel in the crown- had plentiful natural resourced

The caste system

racism in india

what region did the dutch east india company control and how did they control it

Pacific rim region- developed a strict structure to maximize profits (natives worked, dutch supervise)

what region did Britian, what was most valuble in its regions

Malaysia peninsula/singapore: tin ore rubber

what region did france control and why did they gain control

Indochina (loas, cambodia, vietnam)- French missionaries were killed in an act of rebellion and France established direct control

What was SIAM and where was it located

between Burma and Indochina- acted as a neutral zone that aided trade and remained independent to prevent conflict between brit and france

Reasons for WWI (MANIA)

1. Militarism

2. Alliances

3. Nationalism

4. Imperialism

5. Assasination

arms race

nations want strong armies

large standing armies

actively preparing armies for war

Triple alliance

Germany, Austria hungary, italy (ottomans+bulgaria)

Triple Entene

britian, france, russia (Japan, portugal, US, italy)

Franco-prussian war- who and why

France vs germany for alsace lorraine region

Austria hungary vs russia why

control over the balkans

What was the assasination that sparked WWI

The Black hand of serbia (Gavrillo princip) killed archduke of austria hungary- Franz Fernidnand

Western front

border between Germany and France

What was Germanys plan called

Schleiffin plan: didnt want a two front war so germany planned to defeat france first then attack russia

why did the schleiffin plan fail

Frances armies were strong and the battles were long, russia modernized quickly

Battle of Marne

Germany almost captures paris but must retreat since russia began attacking

Battle of Verdun

trench warfare and new tech led to many fatalities

Battle of Somme

Britian and France vs germany - both sides lose troops

Eastern front

Border between Germany and Russia

What was Russias plan

Gallipoli campaign: Britian would try to send resources through the dardanelles

Why did the Gallipoli Camp. fail

Ottomans wouldnt let britian through dardanelles

what were the two reasons US joined the war

1. zimmerman note: germany promised mexico their land back

2. Sinking of lustinia: germany sinks passenger ship

Timeline of the end of wwi

1. Gallipoli camp. fails

2. civil war in russia- they withdrawl

3. Treaty of brest-Litovsk

4. second battle of marne

5. armstice

Treaty of Brest-Vitovsk

Germany and russia agreee to no longer fight on western front

Second battle of marne who

Us joined war triple entente with no disillusionment

Armstice

the agreement to stop fighting on the eastern front

leaders of britain, france, US, and italy after wwi

Britian: David Lloyed George

France: George Clemancau

US: woodrow wilson

Italy: Vittorio Orlando

Woodrow wilsons 14 point and what they suggested

plans for lasting peace through the leauge of nations

Leauge of nations

team of countries agreeing to protect a set of rights

• US didnt join to stay away from conflict

Paris peace conference

Between the allied powers to discuss outcomes of war

Who wrote the treaty of versilles and the war guilt clause and what did it consist of

Britian and france- blamed all war on germany and forced them to pay reparations, demilitarize, and decolonize

who was the dictator in russia

czar Alexander II

What were the consequences of quick industrialization in russia (6)

1. heavy taxation

2. low wages

3. poor working conditions

4. child labor

5. dehumanization

6. overcrowding

themes of Karl Marx communist manifesto (3)

1. overthrow gov

2. dictatorship of proletariat

3. abolished class system

Menshiviks

moderate supporters of karl marx

bolsheviks and who were they led by

radicals led by Vladmir lenin

What were russias 3 major crisis’

Russo japanese war, bloody sunday, WWI

Russo japanese war

competing for manchuria but russia breaks treaty

Bloody sunday

Proletariat protest at palace bc of heavy taxation and police open fire and demand for gov change

WWI in russia

Czar goes to front lines to motivate his people, but they saw it as an opportunity to overthrow

3 events of the russian revolution

the march revolution, bolshevik revolution, and Civil war

The march revolution timeline

proletariat revolted, czar removed, duma inserted as provisional gov, local groups form based off need, and vladmir lenin returns

Bolshevik revolution

Vladmir Lenin overthrows the duma and gains power

Civil war and russia- two sides

1. Red army- Lenin + bolsheviks

2. White army- Stalin+ mensheviks

Lenins promises during russias civil war (2)

Economic reform (private ownership+ gov run large industries)

Nationalism

Stalins promises during civil war in russia (2)

1. increase in mass production

2. his own dictatorship and return to authoritarian rule

Totalitarianism def

leader has total control of public and private life

Authoritarian rule def

leader enforces strict obedience at the expense of individual freedom

Traits of totalatarianism (6)

1. dictatorship

2. dynamic leader

3. strict ideology

4. gov controls individuals and society

5. methods of enforcement

6. modern technology

How did joseph stalin enforce totalitarian rule

established a police state to enforce rules on citizens and got rid of any practices that did not appeal to him

what were chinas 4 key issues that led to revolution

1. China vs western imperialism

2. internal crisis

3. traditionalism vs modernism

4. new form of gov

China vs western imperialism

Britian and other european nations wanted to open markets of trade in china but china did not want that

Opium wars

britian smuggled and illegally sold opium in china

Internal crisis in china

rapid population growth put pressure on chinas infrastructure

Traditionalism vs modernism in china

because of pop. growth, industrialization, and imperialism, there were changes to new economy and political interactions but citizens did not approve

New form of government in china

imperial china to repulic (people have reps in gov)

Sino-Japanese war effect

china lost and citizens lost respect for emperor

How did the Qing dynasty end

chinese nationalist party led by sun yixan removed emperor from power

Chinese involvement during WWI

China joins allied powers but loses land to Japan and citizens become frusturated

The May 4th movement

students, workers, and professionals gather in Bejing to protest the losses of WWI

• rise in support for communism

Civil war in china- two sides and who leads

1. Chinese nationalist party (kuomintang)- Chiang kai shek

2. Chinese communist party- Mao Zedong