Bio Exam 2

Glycolysis (Location/Inputs/Outputs/Net ATP)

Location: Cytosol, Inputs: 1 Glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ADP+2Pi/ Outputs: 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP/ Net ATP: 2 ATP via substrate-level phosporylation

Acetyl-CoA Formation (Location/Inputs/Outputs/Net ATP)

Location: Mitochondria Matrix, Inputs: 2 Pyruvates, 2 Coenzyme A (CoA), 2 NAD+/ Outputs: 2 Acetyl-CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH/ Net ATP: 0 ATP

Citric Acid Cycle (Location/Inputs/Outputs/Net ATP)

Location: Mitochondria Matrix, Inputs: 2 Acetyl-CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD, 2 ADP+2Pi/ Outputs: 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP/ Net ATP: 2 ATP via substrate-level phosporylation

ETC and Chemiosmosis (Location/Inputs/Outputs/Net ATP)

Location: Inner Mitochondria Membrane, Inputs: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6 O2, ADP+2Pi/ Outputs: 10 NAD+, 2 FAD, 6 H2O, 28 ATP/ Net ATP: 28 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation

G1 Phase

Metabolic activity and Growth

G0 Phase

S Phase

Synthesis phase, DNA replication

G2 Phase

Microtubule Spindles are formed; centrosomes are duplicated

Prophase

The chromosomes become condensed; sister chromatids. Identical.

Prometaphase

Nuclear envelope fragments (breakdown); Cenrioles will go to the ends of the poles; Spindle fibers (from the centrioles) attach to the center of the chromosome

Metaphase

Mircrotubles pulled the chromosomes to the center (equator of the cell);

Anaphase

Chromosomes are pulled apart from the center; duplicated chromosomes

Telophase

Each chormosome; cytokinesis splits the cell.