Hematology Rotation Final (Heme 1&2, UA, Coag, Body Fluids)

Blood dipstick reaction

Psuedo-peroxidase activity of the analyte

Glucose dipstick reaction

double sequential enzyme reaction

Ketones dipstick reaction

reaction with sodium nitroprusside to produce a purple color

Leukocyte Esterase dipstick reaction

reaction between the analyte and indoxylcarbonic acid ester produces indoxyl which undergoes further reaction with a diazonium salt to produce a purple azodye

Nitrite dipstick reaction

reaction between the analyte and an aromatic amine produces a diazonium compound which undergoes further reaction with tetrahydrobenzoquinolin to produce a pink colored azodye

Protein dipstick reaction

error of indicators

Bilirubin dipstick reaction

reaction between the analyte and diazotized 2,4 dichloroaniline yielding a colored azodye

pH dipstick reaction

double indicator system consisting of methyl red and bromthymol blue

Urobilinogen dipstick reaction

the analyte reacts with a dizonium salt in an acidic solution to produce a red azodye

What category of crystal is uric acid

normal acidic

What category of crystal is amorphous urates

normal acidic

What category of crystal is monosodium urate

normal acidic

What category of crystal is calcium oxalate

normal acidic

What category of crystal is hippuric acid

normal acidic

What category of crystal is tyrosine

abnormal acidic

What category of crystal is leucine

abnormal acidic

What category of crystal is bilirubin

abnormal acidic

What category of crystal is cystine

abnormal acidic

What category of crystal is cholesterol

abnormal acidic

What category of crystal is sulfonamide

abnormal acidic

What category of crystal is radiographic dye

abnormal acidic

What category of crystal is amorphous phosphates

normal alkaline

What category of crystal is triple phosphates

normal alkaline

What category of crystal is calcium carbonates

normal alkaline

What category of crystal is calcium phosphates

normal alkaline

What category of crystal is ammonium biurates

normal alkaline

What is the solubility of amorphous urates

will dissolve when the specimen is placed in a warm water bath

what color do amorphous urates precipitate after refrigeration

pink

What is the solubility of amorphous phosphates

will not re-enter solution when heated

what is the location of squamous epithelial cells

urinary tract

which epithelial cell is a source of contamination

squamous epithelial

what is the location of transitional epithelial cells

renal pelvis, calyces, ureter, urinary bladder

where are transitional epithelial cells significant

catheterization (sheets) and transitional cell carcinoma (sheets without recent catheterization)

what is the most significant epithelial cell

renal tubular epithelial

where are RTEs located

lining of renal tubules and collecting ducts

where are RTEs pathologic

pyelonephritis

uric acid crystals description

rhomboid plates, barrells

monosodium urate crystals description

pencil/needle like prisms

calcium oxalate crystal description

dihydrate: envelope; monohydrate: dumbbell

hippuric acid crystal description

six-sided prisms, needles, diamonds

tyrosine crystal description

thin, needle-like, usually in clusters

leucine crystal description

sphere with concentric striations; Bulls eye

bilirubin crystal description

small clusters of fine needles

cystine crystal description

thin hexagonal plates

cholesterol crystal description

flat plate with notched corner; utah

sulfanomide crystal description

sulfamethoxazole: brown rosettes or spheres with irregular radial striations

sulfadiazine: shocks of wheat, needles, fans

radiographic dye crystal description

pleomorphic needles, single or in sheaths, or in long flat rectangular plates

amorphous phosphate crystal description

fine colorless to slight brown granules

what color is the precipitate of amorphous phosphates when centrifuged

white

triple phosphate crystal description

coffin lifes

calcium carbonate crystal description

dumbbell

calcium phosphate crystal description

granular, amorphous, or crystalline prisms with one pointed end

ammonium biurate crystal description

thorny apples

waxy casts description

parallel sides with notches or serrations; often broad; stubby; blunt or broken ends

broad cast description

2-6x larger than others

significance of WBC casts

pyelonephritis

significance of RBC casts

glomerulonephritis

significance of hyaline casts

few are normal, especially after exercise and stress; physiologic dehydration

significance of fine granular casts

normal is small amounts after strenuous exercise

significance of waxy casts

severe renal disease

significance of fatty casts

nephrotic syndrome

significance of cellular casts

pathologic; indicate intrinisic renal damage

significance of bacterial casts

pyelonephritis

significance of renal tubular casts

tubular necrosis

significance of broad casts

severe renal disease

uric acid diagnosis

chemotherapy, gout

calcium oxalate pathologic

following ingestion of ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)- monohydrate form

tyrosine diagnosis

severe liver disorder: viral hepatitis, hepatocellular poisons

leucine diagnosis

severe liver disorder; viral hepatitis, hepatocellular poisons, MSUD

bilirubin diagnosis

liver disease that leads to jaundice

cystine diagnosis

cystinosis, cystinuria

cholesterol diagnosis

nephrotic syndrome

sulfonamide diagnosis

medications- sulfanomides

radiographic dye diagnosis

SG>10.40; radiographic dye or contrast media

apt test

distinguishes adult from fetal hemoglobin in stool and gastric specimens

what is the apt test based on

relatie resistance of fetal Hgb to alkali denaturation compared to adult Hgb A

what does black tarry specimens indicate in the apt test

the Hgb is already degraded

hemoccult principle

guaiac

which poop test is more sensitive

hemosure

principle of hemosure

immunologic

brand names of hemosure

Hemosure, Hemoccult ICT, and OC FIT-Check

what are the polyclonal antibodies directed against in teh hemosure test

globin portion of UNDEGRADED human Hgb

seminal vesicles

accessory gland that is responsible for approximately 70% of ejaculate

seminal vesicles have a high concentration of

flavin and fructose

prostate glands

muscular accessory gland that is responsible for approximately 25% of ejaculate

what do the prostate glands contain

acid phosphatase, proteolytic enzymes, and zinc

bulbourethral glands

secretes an alkaline mucus that gives the ejaculate a slights alkaline pH

route of travel of seminal fluid

seminiferous tubules → epididymis → van deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra → (prepuce also known as foreskin)

how do you report a hemocytometer calculation for seminal fluid

sperm/mL of seminal fluid

maltese and dimple

starch

maltese and stains with sudan red or oil red

fats

cholesterol is…

birefringent and does NOT stain

is cystine always nonpathologic or pathologic?

pathologic

glitter cell

neutrophils swell in a hypotonic solution

MCV reference range

80-100 fL

MCH reference range

27-31 pg

MCHC reference range

32-36%

MCV formula

(HCT x 10) / RBC Count

MCH formula

(HGB x 10) / RBC count