Chapter 8 Section 1

Energy

the ability to do work

Thermodynamics

study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Photosynthesis

the anabolic pathway in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell

Cellular Respiration

catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

the most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy

Autotrophs

Organism that make their own food, often through the process of photosynthesis.

Heterotrophs

An organism that obtain energy by performing cellular respiration to get energy from organic molecules they consume from the environment.

First Law of Thermodynamics

The law of conservation of energy; energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy. "Lost" energy is usually converted to heat (thermal energy).

Adenine

The part of ATP labeled with the number 1.

Ribose

The part of ATP labeled with the number 2.

Phosphate Group (Triphosphase)

The part of ATP labeled with the number 3.