EMT- Medical Emergencies

What are the S/S of Asthma?

-part of COPD

-wheezing (bronchospasm)

-constriction of lower airways

-rales

-O2 and albuterol

What are the S/S of Anaphalxys?

-4 routes

-flushed skin, edema, dyspnea

-Airway swells, blood vessels dilate (*may lower BP to <100)

-can lead to cardiac arrest

-HYPOTENSION is what makes it Anaphylaxis--> epi pen and O2

What are the S/S of Bronchitis?

-part of COPD

-chronic cough, wheezing, cyanosis, vigorous cough, sputum is mucas.

-"blue bloaters" --> O2 and Albuterol

-typically overweight

What are the S/S of CHF?

-wheezes, crackles (rales), after heart attack of other illness.

-dependent edema, abdominal distension,

-tachycardia, shortness of breath, fluid in lungs, anxiety, ashen/cyanotic, confused, pink/frothy sputum

--> O2 and CPAP

What are the S/S of Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

-A collapsed lung, air in pleural space due to ruptured alveoli.

-Acute pain, lung sounds may not be equal/unheard in one side

-give O2 and immediate transport.

What are the S/S of Pulmonary Embolus?

-Clot that lodges itself in pulmonary artery that kills tissue (ischemic)

-Hypoxic, cyanotic, tachypnea, acute pinpoint pain, hemoptosis (coughing up blood), lung sounds normal.

--> High flow O2, CPAP, women pregnant and on BC, cancer PTs most at risk.

What are the S/S of Pneumonia?

- (similar to bronchitis), dyspnea, chills/fever, mucas in lungs (rhonchi, rales and wheezing), cyanotic

--> GIve O2 and maybe albuteral.

What are the S/S of Emphysema?

-part of COPD, barreled chest, pursed lip breathing, tachypneic, tachycardiac, tripod position, possible wheezing/rhonci

-Give O2 and Albuteral?

-"pink puffers"

What are the S/S of Pulmonary Edema?

-left side of heart cannot remove blood as fast as right pumps in.

-dyspnea with rapid/shallow breaths,

-high flow O2, transport and CPAP.

What are the S/S of Hyperventilation?

-usually from anxiety, not expelling enough CO2

-tachypnea, carpopedal spams, tunnel vision, parastesia (pins and needles sensations)

What do you test for when PT shows signs of AMS?

AEIOU TIPS

alcohol

epilepsy

insulin

OD

UD

Trauma

Infection

Psych

Stroke/Shock

What are the S/S of Cardiovascular Accident (CVA: STROKE)?

-Ischemic and Hemorrhagic strokes.

-sudden onset, facial drooping, headache, sensory hallucinations, loss of movement (bilaterally), AMS, unresponsive (but will come back), combativeness

-Do Cincinnati Test (palms up and repeat sentence to test for DYSARTHIA [slurred speech]) and give O2 and transport immediately, put on side/lateral recumbant and continuously check airway.

What are the S/S of Ischemic Stroke?

-due to embolus in cerebral artery.

-Transient Ischemic attatck (TIA) stroke resolves itself, short term memory loss, repetitive questioning, loss of focus.

What are the S/S of Hemorrhagic stroke?

-due to aneurysm in brain

-stroke mimckers:

-hyPOglycemia

-postical state

-subdural and epidural bleeding

What are the S/S of Seizure?

-caused by trauma, alcohol, hypo/hyperglycemia, stress, CVA etc.

-if having seizure: time it, clear mouth (turn on side), Oxygen (if theyll accept it), clear area and cover PT

=Generalized Seizure: unconscious, severe twitching of entire body, lasts 1-3 minutes. Phases: Aura (before seizure), Convulsions (shaking/tremors: tonic-clonic: tachycardia, hyperventilation, sweating, salivation; if longer than 5 minutes its STATUS EPILEPTICUS )

=Partial seizure: conscious, may complain of weakness, numbness/diziness, senses will be weird. AMS, lip smacking, eye blinking etc.

=Febrile seizures are in children caused by fever over 105 degrees.

What are the S/S of Hypoglycemia?

-glucose levels are too low, rapid onset, pale/cool/moist skin, normal/rapid breathing, AMD, can lead to unconsiousness and seizures, resembles being drunk,

What are the S/S of Hyperglycemia?

- glucose levels too high, slower onset, kussmal respiration (fast), warm and dry skin, vommitting common, restlessness/slurred speech, fruity breath, rapid/weak pulse,

=DKA (buildup of ketones that make body acidic) or HHNS (caused by high glucose level increasing rapidly and causing kidneys to dump off large amounts of glucose in urine-->profound dehydration, check turgor pressure)

What are the S/S of Ventricular Fibrillation (VFibb)?

-Early Dead, spasms in the heart.

-First sign before Cardiac Arrest

-EKG looks like small and wavy.

What is Asystole?

-flatlinining that is late dead. CAnnot come back.

What are the S/S of Ventricular Tachycardia (VTac)?

-Rapid heart rhythm (150-200bpm)

-weak, light-headed,

-Will lead to VFib

-EKG looks big and wavy.

What are the S/S of a Hypertensive Emergency?

-BP over 160.

-Will eventually lead to over stroke.

What are the S/S of an Aneurysm? (Dissecting is when it ruptures)

-abrupt, sudden pain, sharp/maximal from onset, Doesnt abate, high BP.

-Transport immediately.

What are the S/S of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

-develops when coronary arteries become blocked by fat/cholesterol (ATHerosclerosis) or plaque (ATERialsclerosis- lose elasticity)

-chest pain (angina), bradycardia,

-may lead to angina and AMI

What are the S/S of Angina Pectoris?

-heart tissues not getting enough O2

-spasm of artery (versus clot of AMI), short lived, pressure, CP, anxiety, dyspnea, diaphoresis, nausea and vomiting. Pain lasts 3-8 min.

-give O2, nitro

What are the S/S of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI/heart attack)?

-blockage of coronary artery due to clots

-same signs of angina but lasts longer, gradual onset, feel other symptoms in other parts of body, syncope, dyspnea, pink/frothy sputum, possible edema

-give O2 and Nitro/Aspirin and clot-busters.

How do AMIs and Angina Pectoris differ?

-AMI not always caused by exertion, and can occur during sleeping

-AMI lasts over 30 minutes

-May not be relieved by rest or Nitro.

Peptic Ulcer?

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