bio final book questions

which of the following is not contained in phylum chordata

1. Cephalochordata

2. Echinodermata

3. Urochordata

4. Vertebrata

1. Echinodermata

Which group of invertebrates is most closely related to vertebrates?

1. cephalochordates

2. echinoderms

3. arthropods

4. urochordates

1. cephalochordates

Hagfish, lampreys, sharks, and tuna are all chordates that can also be classified into which group?

1. Craniates

2. Vertebrates

3. Cartilaginous fish

4. Cephalochordata

1. Craniates

Members of Chondrichthyes differ from members of Osteichthyes by having (a) ________.

1. jaw

2. bony skeleton

3. cartilaginous skeleton

4. two sets of paired fins

1. cartilaginous skeleton

Members of Chondrichthyes are thought to be descended from fishes that had ________.

1. a cartilaginous skeleton

2. a bony skeleton

3. mucus glands

4. slime glands

1. a bony skeleton

A marine biologist catches a species of fish she has never seen before. Upon examination, she determines that the species has a predominantly cartilaginous skeleton and a swim bladder. If its pectoral fins are not fused with its head, to which category of fish does the specimen belong?

1. Rays

2. Osteichthyes

3. Sharks

4. Hagfish

1. Osteichthyes

Which of the following is not true of Acanthostega?

1. It was aquatic.

2. It had gills.

3. It had four limbs.

4. It laid shelled eggs.

1. It laid shelled eggs.

Frogs belong to which order?

1. Anura

2. Urodela

3. Caudata

4. Apoda

1. Anura

During the Mesozoic period, diapsids diverged into_______.

1. pterosaurs and dinosaurs

2. mammals and reptiles

3. lepidosaurs and archosaurs

4. Testudines and Sphenodontia

1. lepidosaurs and archosaurs

Squamata includes_______.

1. crocodiles and alligators

2. turtles

3. tuataras

4. lizards and snakes

1. lizards and snakes

Which of the following reptile groups gave rise to modern birds?

1. Lepidosaurs

2. Pterosaurs

3. Anapsids

4. Archosaurs

1. Archosaurs

A bird or feathered dinosaur is ________.

1. Neornithes

2. Archaeopteryx

3. Enantiornithes

4. Paleognathae

1. Archaeopteryx

Which of the following feather types helps to reduce drag produced by wind resistance during flight?

1. Flight feathers

2. Primary feathers

3. Secondary feathers

4. Contour feathers

1. Contour feathers

Eccrine glands produce ________.

1. sweat

2. lipids

3. scents

4. milk

1. sweat

Monotremes include:

1. kangaroos.

2. koalas.

3. bandicoots.

4. platypuses.

1. platypuses

The evolution of which of the following features of mammals is hardest to trace through the fossil record?

1. Jaw structure

2. Mammary glands

3. Middle ear structure

4. Development of hair

1. Mammary glands

Which of the following is not an anthropoid?

1. Lemurs

2. Monkeys

3. Apes

4. Humans

1. Lemurs

Which of the following is part of a clade believed to have died out, leaving no descendants?

1. Paranthropus robustus

2. Australopithecus africanus

3. Homo erectus

4. Homo sapiens sapiens

1. Paranthropus robustus

Which of the following human traits is not a shared characteristic of primates?

1. Hip structure supporting bipedalism

2. Detection and processing of three-color vision

3. Nails at the end of each digit

4. Enlarged brain area associated with vision, and reduced area associated with smell

1. Hip structure supporting bipedalism

Neurons contain ________, which can receive signals from other neurons.

1. axons

2. mitochondria

3. dendrites

4. Golgi bodies

1. dendrites

A(n) ________ neuron has one axon and one dendrite extending directly from the cell body.

1. unipolar

2. bipolar

3. multipolar

4. pseudounipolar

1. unipolar

Glia that provide myelin for neurons in the brain are called ________.

1. Schwann cells

2. oligodendrocytes

3. microglia

4. astrocytes

1. oligodendrocytes

Meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection of the brain. Which cell type is the first to have its function disrupted during meningitis?

1. astrocytes

2. microglia

3. neurons

4. satellite glia

1. microglia

For a neuron to fire an action potential, its membrane must reach ________.

1. hyperpolarization

2. the threshold of excitation

3. the refractory period

4. inhibitory postsynaptic potential

1. the threshold of excitation

After an action potential, the opening of additional voltage-gated ________ channels and the inactivation of sodium channels, cause the membrane to return to its resting membrane potential.

1. sodium

2. potassium

3. calcium

4. chloride

1. potassium

What is the term for protein channels that connect two neurons at an electrical synapse?

1. synaptic vesicles

2. voltage-gated ion channels

3. gap junction protein

4. sodium-potassium exchange pumps

1. gap junction protein

Which of the following molecules is not involved in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential?

1. potassium cations

2. ATP

3. voltage-gated ion channels

4. calcium cations

1. calcium cations

The ________ lobe contains the visual cortex.

1. frontal

2. parietal

3. temporal

4. occipital

1. occipital

The ________ connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

1. limbic system

2. corpus callosum

3. cerebellum

4. pituitary

1. corpus callosum

Neurons in the ________ control motor reflexes.

1. thalamus

2. spinal cord

3. parietal lobe

4. hippocampus

1. spinal cord

Phineas Gage was a 19^th century railroad worker who survived an accident that drove a large iron rod through his head. If the injury resulted in him becoming temperamental and capricious what part of his brain was damaged?

1. frontal lobe

2. hippocampus

3. parietal lobe

4. temporal lobe

1. frontal lobe

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:

1. increased blood flow into the skin

2. a decreased heart rate

3. an increased heart rate

4. increased digestion

1. an increased heart rate

Where are parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies located?

1. cerebellum

2. brainstem

3. dorsal root ganglia

4. skin

1. brainstem

________ is released by motor nerve endings onto muscle.

1. Acetylcholine

2. Norepinephrine

3. Dopamine

4. Serotonin

1. Acetylcholine

Parkinson’s disease is a caused by the degeneration of neurons that release ________.

1. serotonin

2. dopamine

3. glutamate

4. norepinephrine

1. dopamine

________ medications are often used to treat patients with ADHD.

1. Tranquilizer

2. Antibiotic

3. Stimulant

4. Anti-seizure

1. Stimulant

Strokes are often caused by ________.

1. neurodegeneration

2. blood clots or burst blood vessels

3. seizures

4. viruses

1. blood clots or burst blood vessels

Why is it difficult to identify the cause of many nervous system disorders?

1. The genes associated with the diseases are not known.

2. There are no obvious defects in brain structure.

3. The onset and display of symptoms varies between patients.

4. all of the above

1. all of the above

Why do many patients with neurodevelopmental disorders develop secondary disorders?

1. Their genes predispose them to schizophrenia.

2. Stimulant medications cause new behavioral disorders.

3. Behavioral therapies only improve neurodevelopmental disorders.

4. Dysfunction in the brain can affect many aspects of the body.

1. Dysfunction in the brain can affect many aspects of the body.