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Phylum Chordata
Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Lancelets (small, blade-shaped marine chordates)
Subphylum Urochordata
Tunicates/sea squirts (marine suspension feeders)
Subphylum Vertebrata
Craniates with backbone enclosing a spinal cord and elaborate skull
Agnathans
jawless vertebrates
Class Myxini
hagfishes (marine with cartilaginous skull and no vertebrae)
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
Lampreys (cartilaginous segments surrounding notochord)
Clade Gnathostomes
jawed vertebrates
Class Condrichthyes
Sharks (skeleton of cartilage)
Class Osteichthyes
Bony fish (gnathosomes with bony endoskeleton)
Class Actinopterygii
Ray-finned fish (fins supported by long, flexible rays)
Class Sarcopterygii
Lobe-finned fish/lungfish/coelacanths (muscular pectoral and pelvic fins)
Clade Tetrapods
four-limbed vertebrates, gnathostomes with limbs and feet with digits
Class Amphibia
Moist skin for gas exchange and require water for reproduction
Order Urodela
salamanders (tails)
Order Anura
Frogs and toads (lack tails)
Order Apoda
Caecilians (legless, resemble worms)
Clade Aminotes
Tetrapods with terrestrially adapted amniotic eggs
Class Reptilia
Ectothermic tetrapods with scales and shelled eggs
Class Mammalia
Aminotes with mammary glands, hair, and high metabolic rates