BIOL 1208 (Final) LSU

If an object is blue, what colors are being transmitted?

blue

list of citations used in the report

references

Gel electrophoresis

technique that separates DNA fragments by size and charge through a semisolid agarose matrix

What value is generated from ANOVA?

p-value

What pipette would you use to deliver small drops of liquid

a Pasteur or transfer pipette

Results

Includes figures that visually represent data and key trends found

Substrate

a molecule that an enzyme interacts with

How is concentration determined?

Plugging the absorbance value (y) into the standard curve equation and solving for X

Fluorescence

the phenomenon where light cannot pass through a photosystem and is reemitted

Discussion

Discusses data, limitations of the experiment, and broader impacts

An experiment shows a p-value less than 0.05. When then referring to the bar graph, none of the treatments had overlapping error bars. What does this mean?

Each treatment is significantly different from each other. Great data!

Stationary phase of paper chromatography

paper

When looking at data, what is most important: individual data values or the trends?

trends

Phenotype

observable physical expression of genetic material

Mobile phase of paper chromatography

Solvent

An experiment shows a p-value less than 0.05. When referring to the bar graph, the first two treatments had overlapping standard error bars, but the third treatment did not overlap the others. What does this mean?

The first two treatments are not significantly different from each other, but they are both significantly different from the third treatment

A statistical analysis tool that compares the means of three or more treatments. Results in a p-value to determine if at least one treatment is significantly different

ANOVA

Statistical analysis for an experiment showed a p-value of 0.03. What does that mean for the hypothesis and what is the next step?

Reject the null hypothesis. Refer to the standard error bars in the bar graph to determine which treatments are significantly different

Independent variable

influences or manipulates the dependent variable

Introduction

covers broad background information about the subject and narrows the experiment

Transmittance

Object color. It's the logarithmic inverse of absorbance. Low absorbance = high transmittance

Blank solution

contains everything besides what is being measured. Calibrates the spectrometer to ODU or 100% transmittance

Paper chromatography

technique for separating dissolved chemical substances by taking advantage of their polarities

Mix dry

manipulate the independent variable on the x-axis the dependent variable responds on the y-axis

low solute concentration relative to another solution

hypotonic solution

As absorbance increases, what value also increases?

concentration

transformation

a process by which foreign genetic material is taken up by a cell

what charge is DNA

Negative

Absorbance

capacity of a substance to absorb light of a specific wavelength

If an object is orange, what colors are being transmitted?

orange

control

provides experimental baseline. Used to compare results of the treatment

If the object is blue, what color is being absorbed?

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, and Violet. (all but blue)

As absorbance decreases, what value also decreases?

concentration

What does it mean when the p-value is lless than or equal to 0.05?

The null hypothesis can be rejected

What does a spectrometer physically measure?

absorbance values of a substance

Enzyme

an organic catalyst that speeds up the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy

prediction

states which direction the researcher thinks the experiment will go. Based on reasoning and includes citation

What type and size of pipette would you use to transfer 15 uL of liquid?

a P100 micropipette

How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments

The negatively charged DNA moves through the gel towards the positive charge. Larger fragments make more collisions with the agarose matrix and therefore moves more slowly. Smaller fragments make smaller collisions, moving more quickly or further through the gel

What gives DNA its charge?

its phosphate backbone

Process that uses carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen

photosynthesis

Volumetric pipette

non-graduated pipette that is used to deliver one set or fixed volume. Has a single calibration mark typically at the top of the bulb

cellular respiration

process that uses glucose and oxygen to produce ATP and carbon dioxide

Osmosis

net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane

Molecular (DNA) Ladder

a molecular-weight size marker that is set of standards used to estimate the approximate size of anotehr DNA fragment run on the same gel

What type and size of pipette would you use to transfer 2.5 mL of liquid?

a 10mL serological pipette

Mohr pipette

type of pipette that does not have graduations to the tip

Hypertonic solution

high solute concentration relative to another solution

Restriction enzyme

enzyme that cuts double stranded DNA

Where does photosynthesis occur?

inside chloroplasts

Part of report that covers the equipment used, experiment, and data analysis procedures

methods

responds to or is affected by the independent variable

dependent variable

genetic material that confers physical traits

genotype

net movement of particle through a semipermeable membrane from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

diffusion

What does it mean when the p-value is greater that 0.05

The null hypothesis is failed to be rejected

Beer-Lambert Law

states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the absorbing material in the solution

instrument meant to deliver high precision of extremely small volumes

micropipette

pasteur pipette

a simple glass stem pipette with a rubber bulb fitted to one end. Used to dispense small, non-precise drops of liquid

short preview of a paper. Typically contains one to two sentences from each section of the paper

Abstract

serological pipette

pipette with graduations all the way to the tip

true or false: when absorbance increases, concentration decreases

false

plasmid

small circular DNA separate from the bacteria's genome

If an object is orange, what color is being absorbed

Red, Yellow, Gree, Blue, and Violet. (all but orange)

What type and size of pipette would you use to transfer 350uL of liquid

a P1000 micropipette

after an experiment, data analysis shows a p-value of 0.06. What does this mean for the hypothesis and what is the next step?

results are not significantly different. No further statistical analysis is needed

Isotonic solution

equal solute concertation relative to another solution