Basic Concepts of Second Language Acquisition

Flashcards covering key concepts related to second language acquisition.

Interlanguage

A unique linguistic system used by a learner that combines elements from their native language and the target language.

Input

The linguistic data that a learner receives, such as conversations listened to, texts read, or films watched.

Output

The linguistic production by a learner, which is necessary for language development and includes self-correction and feedback.

Linguistic Transfer

The influence of the first language (L1) on the second language (L2), which can be positive or negative.

Fossilization

The stabilization of errors or incorrect forms in a learner's interlanguage.

Critical Period Hypothesis

The theory that there is an optimal age for language acquisition, and after a certain age, achieving native-like proficiency becomes difficult.

Intrinsic Motivation

A form of motivation driven by personal interest, such as studying a language out of passion for the culture.

Extrinsic Motivation

A form of motivation driven by external rewards, such as learning a language for a job promotion.

Implicit Acquisition

The subconscious process of acquiring a language, such as a child learning their mother tongue.

Explicit Learning

The conscious process of learning, such as an adult studying language rules in a classroom.

Communicative Competence

The ability to adapt language use according to different contexts and audiences.

Input Hypothesis

Krashen’s theory that effective language learning requires exposure to language that is slightly above the learner's current level.

Monitor Hypothesis

Krashen's theory that acquisition and learning are separate but complementary processes.