Worksheet - Module 1 functional anatomy

When the body exerts an opposite effect with muscles, fasciae, and joints, it is called:

Strength

A bursa is a ring-shaped piece of fibrocartilage found in many joints of your body, including the temporomandibular and sternoclavicular joints.

False

A solid stance that encompasses active stability and dynamic tensions is referred to as:

kinematics

a restricted range of joint mobility

hypomobility

the small, generally unseen movements occurring between the articulating surfaces of joints

arthrokinematic motion

an injury involving the stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

strain

most commonly refers to a stretch or tear (or both) of a ligament or other noncontractile connective tissue

sprain

when a joint's surfaces have the least amount of contact, the ligaments are lax and the joint cavity contains the greatest volume of fluid

open-packed position

an excess range of joint motion

hypermobility

when a joint's surfaces have the greatest amount of contact and the ligaments and joint capsule are taut

close-packed position

Portions of the connective tissue network convey tension not only locally but also:

Globally through the body

A(n) ___________ is the part of animal tissue that usually provides structural support to the animal cells in addition to performing various other important functions.

extracellular matrix

A ____________ is the combined muscular and facial elements that comprise a muscle belly and its tendons

myofascial unit

A ball-and-socket joint is classified as what type of joint?

Triaxial

comprised of exactly similar parts facing each other

symmetrical

the ability to be firmly fixed or supported

stability

a movement pattern's predictable sequence

kinetic chain

the study of forces that act on the body to generate or alter motion

kinetics

the study of movement

kinesiology

the even distribution of weight

balance

aspects of moving systems

dynamics

corresponding in size to something else

proportion

the analysis of movement in terms of mechanical elements

kinematics

the ability to move

mobility

the organization of different elements

coordination

aspects of nonmoving (or virtually nonmoving) systems

statics

___________ is the ability to lengthen without being damaged

Stretch

A joint is passively restrained by what structures?

Surrounding joint capsule, ligaments, and fasciae

A joint is a point of contact between two or more:

Connective tissues of any type

_________ is the capability to be altered and retain that new configuration.

Plasticity

Active restraint is defined as contractile tissue that stabilizes a joint.

True

____________ is the ability to be pulled in two different directions

Tensile strength

Which of the following is a type of cartilage found in the majority of joints involved with motion?

Hyaline cartilage

The recipe for bone tissue includes which of the following?

60% inorganic material, 20% water

Which of the following are structural classifications of joints?

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Erect posture with face forward, arms at sides, forearms supinated (so that palms of the hands face forward), and fingers and thumbs in extension is the definition of

anatomical position

Tendons are a bit like sophisticated ends of which type of candy?

Tootsie roll

__________ is (are) a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially the flesh and connective tissues of vertebrates.

Collagen fiber

An amorphous gel-like substance surrounding sells; formed by the non-fibrous components of the extracellular matrix is known as ___________

ground substance

Identify the plane (front and back)

frontal

___________ means the capacity to recoil or rebound to an original length (or shape) after being stretched (or deformed).

Elastic

____________ is the gradual change in shape that occurs when tissues are subjected to a slow, continuous force from either compression, tension, or twisting.

Creep

Which of the following is an example of a compression-based connective tissue?

Cartilage

A(n) ___________ is a cell responsible for bone formation.

osteoblast

Which of the following is an infused membrane of dense connective tissue that coats the outside surfaces of bony shafts?

Periosteum

The patella is __________ to the knee joint.

anterior

A(n) _________ is a protein in connective tissue that is elastic and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting.

elastin fiber

The axis that passes medially to laterally through the body is the:

Frontal axis

Which of the following is the protein fiber that plays a critical role in connective tissue's ability to provide functional and structural integrity?

Collagen

Connective tissue is composed of which two basic ingredients?

Cells, extracellular matrix

Which law states that bone tissue will thicken when put under stress?

Wolff's Law

Aside from tension-based structures and compression-based structures, a critical ingredient of the connective tissue network is:

Fluid

Activities of daily living such as washing the dishes require:

Mobility, stability, balance, and coordination

Approximately how many bones are involved with voluntary motion?

175

Which of the following bones are more distal? humerus or radius

radius

Which of the following is composed of loose, dense connective tissue and serves as the body's sheets, cables, and conduits?

Fascial tissues

Which of the following bones are more medial? Fibula or tibia

tibia

What type of joint is depicted in the image below?

synovial / ellipsoid

Identify the plane in the image below. (in half)

sagittal

Structurally speaking, adipose (fat) and bone are what types of connective tissue, respectively?

Loose, osseous

A sprain is defined as a:

Stretch or tear of noncontractile tissues

An oblique plane is any plane that:

Combines two or three cardinal planes

Which of the following are types of arthrokinematic motion?

Roll, glide, and spin

Synovial fluid is produced by a specific:

Membrane

Which of the following will greatly determine a joint's mobility?

The elasticity of the joint capsule

The study of human movement is called:

Kinesiology

The ___________ is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

cell

Which term best describes the study of gravity, friction, and pressure?

Kinetics

A muscle's ability to return to its original length and shape after it is shortened or lengthened is known as _________

elasticity

Which connective tissue property has the capacity to be altered and then retain that new configuration?

Plasticity

The crescent-shaped fibrocartilage located in the tibiofemoral joint is called:

Meniscus

Which of the following are functional classifications of joints?

Synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic

What type of joint is depicted in the image below? (ankle)

synovial / gliding

Identify the plane in the image below. (bkbkjb)

transverse

Functionally speaking, connective tissues can be divided into which two groups?

Compression and tension tissues

aponeurotic sheets that separate various muscles of the extremities

septum

the body's sheets, cables, conduits, and paddings, composed of loose or dense connective tissue

fascial tissue

one of two types of osseous tissue that form bones (wrong)

not compact bone or osteoblast

one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones (wrong)

not spongy bone or osteoblast

a band of connective tissue that connects bones together

ligament

a cell responsible for bone formation

osteoblast

a broad, flat tendon that attaches to the end of a muscle

aponeurosis

a fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone

tendon

a bandage-like strip of connective tissue often used to stabilize tendons

retinaculum

a type of cartilage present in the outer ear, eustachian tube, and epiglottis

elastic cartilage

a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones

periosteum

a simple machine that can amplify an applied force (effort) by converting it into torque

lever

a type of bone cell that resorbs bone tissue

osteoclast

a cell commonly found in mature bone that is actively involved in the routine turnover of bony matrix

osteocyte

the portion of the skeleton composed of the arms and legs, pectoral girdle (scapulae and clavicles), and pelvic girdle (hips)

appendicular skeleton

the skeleton's center including the cranium, vertebral column, ribs, sternum, and hyoid bone

axial skeleton

a layer of loose areolar connective tissue and adipose found in the subcutaneous layer in virtually all regions of the body

superficial fascia

a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions

fibrocartilage

a broad and thin plane of fibrous tissue that separates two bones

interosseous membrane

also known as articular cartilage, it is a type of cartilage found on many joint surfaces

hyaline cartilage

the envelope surrounding a synovial joint

joint capsule

Identify the plane in the image below. (2 or more)

oblique

A joint's physiological movement is defined as the:

Movement a person can actively produce at an articulation

The proximal radioulnar joint is an example of what type of joint?

Pivot

Full extension of the knee brings the tibiofemoral joint into which position?

Close-packed