Modul 7

What are the two main levels of human rights protection in Africa?

Regional and sub-regional levels.

What is the cornerstone document in African human rights protection?

The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights, adopted in 1981.

Which organization replaced the Organisation of African Unity (OAU)?

The African Union (AU) replaced the OAU.

What key institution serves as the primary judicial body for human rights in Africa?

The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights.

How does ECOWAS contribute to human rights protection?

ECOWAS established the ECOWAS Court of Justice and adopted the ECOWAS Human Rights Protocol.

What environmental right was established in the Ogoniland case?

The right to a healthy environment.

What is a major difference in the purpose of the OAU and AU concerning human rights?

AU prioritizes human rights, democracy, and rule of law, unlike the OAU which had a minimal commitment.

What was the OAU’s approach to human rights?

Limited and reactive, often focusing on respecting sovereignty.

What is the role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights?

To monitor compliance with human rights obligations and issue recommendations.

What mechanism did the AU introduce to encourage countries to improve their human rights practices?

The African Peer Review Mechanism.

How do sub-regional bodies align with the African Charter?

They draw on principles established by the African Charter, allowing for harmonised standards.

What significant conclusion did the African Commission reach regarding state responsibility in the Ogoniland case?

States must regulate corporate activities to protect human rights.