Exam 2 Study Guide: Drug Abuse, Addiction, and Tobacco Use

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to drug abuse, addiction, and tobacco use.

Addiction

A compulsive desire and increasing need for a substance or behavior, despite harm.

Tolerance

When the body adapts to a drug and the same dose no longer produces the same effect.

Withdrawal

Symptoms that occur when the drug is not taken; physical and psychological discomfort.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of how the body affects a drug.

Pharmacodynamics

The study of how the drug affects the body.

Synapse

The gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released.

Bioavailability

Portion of a drug that reaches the bloodstream and can cause effect.

Positive reinforcement

Drug use brings pleasure.

Negative reinforcement

Without drug use, withdrawal and discomfort occur.

First-pass effect

The liver inactivates part of a drug before it reaches systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability.

Fastest response

Intravenous injection.

Additive effects

Effects add up when two substances are taken together.

Synergistic effects

Effects multiply when two substances are taken together.

Antagonistic effects

When one drug reduces the effect of another.

Neurotransmitter affected by cocaine

Dopamine.

Atherosclerosis

Narrowed arteries from plaque buildup.

Emphysema

Loss of lung elasticity and destruction of air sacs.

Myocardial Infarction

Blockage of coronary artery; heart attack.

Sidestream smoke

Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette.

Mainstream smoke

Smoke exhaled by a smoker.

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Secondhand smoke.

Nicotine addiction

Nicotine is as addictive as heroin or cocaine.

Vaping health assessment

Vaping is not a healthy alternative.

Diseases linked to vaping

Severe lung disease and COPD-like symptoms such as popcorn lung.

Genetics and addiction

Genetics influence addiction through metabolism rates and dopamine receptor activity.