Life Orientation (Term 1 & Term 2)

Assertive attitude

Saying what you want clearly, being positive and respectful, knowing what you want, having good posture, stating viewpoints clearly and being polite.

Steps in good decision-making

Evaluate the situation, gather information, consider consequences, choose the best option and act on the decision.

Biological differences between men and women

Women menstruate, have ovaries, XX chromosomes and can give birth; men have testicles, XY chromosomes and generally greater upper body strength.

Gender stereotypes

Ideas that men and women should behave in certain ways or do certain jobs because of their gender.

Examples of gender stereotypes

Women earning less than men, men getting promoted more often, women doing more housework and some careers being seen as only for men.

Influence of gender inequality on relationships

Can lead to sexual abuse, violence, teenage pregnancy and STIs including HIV/AIDS.

Causes of teenage pregnancy

Peer pressure, lack of information, poverty, rape and pressure to prove fertility.

Reasons women may be more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS

Unequal power in relationships, inability to insist on protection, age-mixing relationships, multiple partners and transactional sex.

Cardiovascular fitness

Having a strong heart, healthy blood vessels and large lung capacity.

Exercises for cardiovascular fitness

Walking, dancing, cycling, aerobics and running.

Self-awareness

How well you know yourself regarding your interests, skills, strengths, weaknesses, likes, dislikes, goals, values and beliefs.

Self-esteem

How much you like yourself and how confident you are.

Self-development

How you improve yourself by building your strengths, improving weaknesses, developing life skills and becoming the best person you can be.

Factors that influence self-awareness and self-esteem

What other people say about you, what happens in your life, how well you cope with challenges, how you respond to success and failure, popularity, and the influence of media and social media.

Strategies to build confidence

Good communication skills, being assertive, managing time effectively, completing tasks successfully, participating in community organisations and making good decisions.

Gender

The roles, behaviours, activities and qualities society sees as suitable for men and women; it is learnt and not biological.

Sex

The biological qualities that define men and women.

Female and male

Groupings according to sex.

Feminine and masculine

Groupings according to gender.

Power relations

The sharing of power between people in a relationship where one person may be dominant and another submissive.

Muscular strength

The strength of muscles and tendons.

Exercises for muscular strength

Weightlifting, step climbing and resistance exercises.

Endurance

The ability to exercise for a long time without getting tired.

Exercises for endurance

Cycling, jogging and swimming.

Flexibility

The ability to move joints and muscles through their full range of motion.

Exercises for flexibility

Stretching, swimming and yoga.

Benefits of regular physical activity

Reduces stress, worry and depression, helps relaxation, improves confidence, helps sleep and improves brain functioning.

Interests

Activities you enjoy spending time doing and want to learn more about.

Abilities

The things you can do well and the skills you possess.

Talents

Natural abilities you are born with.

Strengths

The things you are consistently good at.

Weaknesses

The things you struggle with or are not good at.

Realistic personality type

People who like working with hands, tools, machinery, plants, animals and outdoor work.

Careers for realistic personality type

Baker, carpenter, electrician, welder, mechanic, farmer and plumber.

Investigative personality type

People who enjoy research, problem-solving, experiments and scientific activities.

Careers for investigative personality type

Doctor, engineer, chemist, psychologist, pharmacist and IT specialist.

Artistic personality type

People who enjoy creativity, art, music, acting and self-expression.

Careers for artistic personality type

Photographer, musician, actor, architect, writer and fashion designer.

Social personality type

People who enjoy helping, teaching and working with others.

Careers for social personality type

Teacher, nurse, social worker, counsellor and coach.

Enterprising personality type

People who like influencing, persuading and leading others.

Careers for enterprising personality type

Manager, attorney, estate agent and insurance agent.

Conventional personality type

People who prefer routine, organisation and structured tasks.

Careers for conventional personality type

Receptionist, accountant, cashier, typist and clerk.

Job

Paid work that may require some basic training.

Occupation

Work that requires special education, training or skill.

Career

An occupation followed for most of your life that offers opportunities for growth.

Career field

A grouping of occupations that share similar skills, knowledge and work settings.

National Senior Certificate (NSC)

The qualification learners receive after successfully completing Grade 12 in South Africa.

Minimum NSC subject requirements

Two official languages, Mathematics or Mathematical Literacy, Life Orientation and at least three approved subjects.

NSC pass requirements

At least 40% in three subjects including one Home Language and at least 30% in three other subjects.

Higher Certificate requirements

Pass NSC and meet language requirements with English or Afrikaans at 30% or more.

Diploma requirements

Pass NSC with 40% in four subjects and 30% in two subjects plus language requirements.

Bachelor's Degree requirements

Pass NSC with 40% in Home Language, 50% in four designated subjects and 30% in two subjects.

Designated subjects

Subjects recognised for Bachelor's Degree admission such as Mathematics, Physical Sciences, Accounting, Geography and History.

Being

Who you are physically, psychologically and spiritually.

Physical being

Health, nutrition, exercise, hygiene, clothing and physical appearance.

Psychological being

Mental health, thinking, feelings, self-awareness and self-control.

Spiritual being

Values, morals and spiritual or religious beliefs.

Becoming

What you do to achieve your goals and become the person you want to be.

Practical becoming

Daily actions like going to school, doing chores, paid work and volunteer work.

Leisure becoming

Activities that help you relax and reduce stress such as hobbies, games and holidays.

Growth becoming

Activities that improve knowledge and skills such as studying and attending workshops.

Community belonging

Fitting into your environment and being accepted by others.

Physical belonging

Connection to places like home, school and neighbourhood.

Social belonging

Connection to family, friends, teachers and co-workers.

Community belonging resources

Access to clinics, employment, education and recreational activities.

Bursary

Money given to a student for studies that usually does not need to be paid back.

Student loan

Money borrowed for studies that must be repaid with interest.

Scholarship

A monetary award given for good academic or sports performance.

Learnership

A programme that allows you to earn while learning through theory and practical work.

Accessibility in career choices

Considering distance to tertiary institutions, transport costs and distance education options.

Income tax

A tax paid by individuals and companies on what they earn or profit.

Tax year

From 1 March to the end of February the following year.

SARS

The South African Revenue Service that collects taxes.

VAT

Value Added Tax paid on goods and services.

SITE

Standard income tax for employees earning less than a certain amount annually.

PAYE

Pay As You Earn tax deducted monthly from salaries.

Provisional tax

Tax paid twice a year by people with irregular incomes.

Diversity

The differences among people including culture, religion, race, language, gender and age.

Importance of respecting diversity

Everyone is unique and deserves respect and acceptance.

Ways to honour diversity

Take pride in cultures, respect opinions and be willing to learn about differences.

Discrimination

Treating people unfairly and differently, denying them rights and opportunities.

Fair discrimination

Actions meant to correct past inequalities.

Unfair discrimination

Discrimination that goes against the Constitution, such as racism or sexism.

Racism

Treating someone unfairly because of race.

Bias

Giving unfair preference to a person or group.

Gender stereotyping

Treating people differently because they are male or female.

Religious discrimination

Treating people unfairly because of religion.

Sexual orientation discrimination

Prejudice against people in same-sex relationships.

Xenophobia

Prejudice and fear against foreigners or people from other countries.

South African Bill of Rights

Chapter 2 of the Constitution protecting dignity, equality, freedom and democracy.

Equality right

Everyone is equal before the law and should not face discrimination.

Human dignity right

Everyone has the right to be respected.

Right to life

Everyone has the right to live and South Africa does not allow the death penalty.

Freedom and security rights

Protection from arrest without trial, torture and cruel treatment.

Right to privacy

Protection against unlawful searches and invasion of privacy.

Freedom of religion, belief and opinion

People may practise their religion and hold their own opinions.

Freedom of expression

The right to express ideas and opinions freely without hate speech or violence.

Freedom of assembly

The right to gather peacefully and protest.