Honors US History II Final Review

arms race

contest in which nations compete to build more powerful weapons

doesn’t think of consequences just keeps creating

berlin aircraft

program in which US and Britain pilots flew supplies (water, food, medical supplies) to West Britain during a Soviet blockade

success

blacklist

list of persons who were not hired because of suspected communist ties

brinkmanship

belief that only by going to the brink of war could the US protect itself against communist aggression

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

US intelligence gathering organization

used overseas for covert operations

containment

policy of keeping communism contained within its existing borders

we must fight best we can so no other countries turn to communism so we can stop Stalin

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the US

Iron Curtain

term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the border between the Soviet satellite states and Western Europe

Eisenhower Doctrine

policy of President Eisenhower that the US would use froze to help any nation threatened by communism

helps nations in Middle East that are threatened by Communism

first used when US sends troops to Lebanon due to revolt against Pro-American government

Hollywood 10

group of movies writers, directors, and producers who refused to answer HUAC questions about communist ties

Marshall Plan

foreign policy that offered economist aid to Western European counties after WWII

if US isn’t up and running it suffers so then out can’t trade so other countries suffer

$13 billion plan over 4 years

gives food to fight famine, provide fuel and money to rebuild or start businesses

extended office to Stalin but he refused

Cold War

worldwide rivalry between the US and Soviet Union

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

policy in which the US and SU hoped to deter nuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroy one another

Massive retaliation

policy of threatening to use massive force in response to aggression

McCarthyism

negative catchword for extreme, reckless charges of disloyalty

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

government agency that coordinated US efforts in space

nationalize

to place a resource under government control

takes control and won’t let other countries have access

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

military alliance formed to counter Soviet expansion

originally formed to counter Russian expansion

12 nations joined as a form of collective security

pressured Stalin into forming the Warsaw pact

Red Scare

fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

defensive alliance aimed at preventing communist aggression in Asia

countries join to stop spread of communism within Asia

Smith Act

low that made it unlawful to teach or advance/advocate the violent overthrow of the US government

satellite nation

independent nation under the control of a more powerful nation

Truman Doctrine

President Truman’s promise to help nations struggling against communist movements.

Warsaw Pact

military alliance of Soviet Union an its satellite states

formed bc no one wanted to join Stalin

forced soviet satellite nations to join

limited war

war fought to achieve only specific goals

Suez Canal

a man-made waterway/canak in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea built in 1869

38th parallel

line that divides North and South Korea in 1945, later becoming the Korean Demilitarized sone after the 1953 Armistice

George Kennan

American diplomat and Soviet expert who came up with the theory of containment

Jiang Jieshi

Nationalist leader of China

begins using money for himself instead of helping china

John Foster Dulles

Secretary of State under Eisenhower

announces US will follow massive retaliation against communism

Joseph McCarthy

senator from WI who charged that the army was full of communists

Douglas MacArthur

in charge of US forces in Korea until fired by Truman

also in charge of UN forces

Nikita Khrushchev

leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin’s death

Alger Hiss

US government official who was accused of spying for the Soviet Union

Rosenbergs

a couple that was accused, tried, and executed for sending atomic secrets to the Soviet Union

What 2 countries emerged from WWII as superpowers during 1950s-1980s?

US AND SU

Why di dFDR dislike Stalin at Yalta?

Stalin said countries wouldn’t b communist but at Potsdam changed his mind and said they’d be communist

What’re the soviet satellite nations

poland

czechoslovakia

bulgaria

romania

hungary

Yugoslavia

why is it called the Cold War

no fighting or weapons

war of ideology and words

How did Truman plan to help nations that felt threatened by communism

give monetary support from the US to make them stronger to fight against communism

Who was the Truman doctrine first implemented against

Greece and Turkey

George c marshall

secretary of state during cold war

puts plan to help w economic recovery in Europe

who gives the iron curtain speech

Churchill

what parts was Germany split into after WWII

us, Great Britain , France, and su

in 1948 stalin stopped all highway, railway and waterway traffic to_ -where?Why?

West Germany and West Berlin

wanted to starve them so Allies would give up and give Berlin to Stalin

civil war in china

Nationalist (Jiang Jieshi) vs Communists (Mao Zedong)

US takes Jiang Jieshis side and sends money

SU takes Mao Zedongs side

US denies Jiang Jieshi military assistance when he comes to US

• ends up giving Mao Zedong more power

jiang jieshi flees mainland china to island of Taiwan

mao zedong

gets control of china

what does Mao Zedong name china

peoples republic of china

Post-korean war in 1949

us soldiers sent home from Korea in 1949

su helped north korea

• agreed to temporarily divide Korea along the 38th parallel

soviet troops and tanks cross 38th parallel and head towards seoul

• truman sends military aid

UN votes to support South Korea

UN Security Council

US, France, China, UK

What happens as a result of the Soviet Union boycotting the UN

they aren’t able to veto the vote to send military aid to South Korea

Battle of Inchon

place where the largest attack takes place

pushes battle into North Korea fighting

MacArthur wants to take the battle closer to China

• China threatens to declare war

• Truman tells him to back up but MacArthur inches closer

• Truman sends MacArthur home and fires him

• US public still supports MacArthur after he’s fired

stalemate is reaches in 1952

Election of 1952

Democrat: Truman

Republican: Eisenhower

Eisenhower wins

Dwight Eisenhower

wants to use nuclear weapons

5 star general who won the election of 1952

What resulted from the ceasefire in Korea on July 27, 1953?

North Korea: Communist

South Korea: free

38th parallel divides

Who takes over after Stalin?

Nikita Khrushchev

What happens when Khrushchev and Eisenhower first meet?

small talks toward peace but no real solution

Which satellite nations fought against the SU for political and economic freedom?

Poland, Hungary, Czehoslovakia

Polish Uprising against SU

workers strike and riot

• want greater control over government

Poland is industrialized so if no work is done, SU doesn’t make money

SU grants small government control

Hungary Uprising

students riot

SU doesn’t want to look weak so tanks are brought in to show strength and pride

Gamal Abdel Nasser

leader of Egypt

wants to contract dam to make Suez Canal a trading hub

had no funds to US and GB control project

Suez Crisis

Nasser declares support for People’s Republic of China

• US withdraws from project

• brings tension between US and GB

GB tries keeping control of project

• Nasser nationalizes project due to anger for US withdrawn

How did US f

learn about SU’s atomic bomb? What did this cause?

US and B29 spy planes that collect date

• flew over AK and got a huge read of radiation(bomb)

• Russia is near AK meaning SU has atomic bomb

US now wants hydrogen bomb

• opposed by Einstein and Oppenheimer but Einstein ends up making it

Richard Nixon

Eisenhower’s VP

What 2 groups does the US divide into during Eisenhower’s presidency

Conservatives and Liberals

Conservatives

felt downgrading conventional forces would weaken US defenses

Liberals

feared that preparing for nuclear war made it more likely to happen

When does SU send up Sputnik 1

1957

Sputnik

first transmitter

Laika

first animal to go to space

dog with no resources

put in Sputnik and sent up

Why did the US form NASA

to catch up with the SU

National Defense Education Act

1 billion dollar project aimed at making more scientists and science teachers