RAD 232 Femur, Hip + Pelvis

Why are the limbs rotated 10-15 internally for AP proximal femur

Place femoral neck in profile and parallel to IR

which portion of the hip bone join to form the obturator foramin

pubis + ischium

How much should the lower limb be rotated for the AP hip

15-20 medially

what type of jt is the pubic symphysis

Cartilaginous symphysis (limited movement)

Expanded, Palpable distal ends of femur

Condyles (lateral + medial)

What type of jt is the SI jts

synovial irregular gliding

when the femur is vertical the medial condyle is lower than the lateral condyle by how many degrees

5-7

what does rotating the feet medially for the AP pelvis and AP hip do?

Places the femoral neck parallel w/ IR

IR for AP pelvis

14×17 LW

where does the ilium, pubis, and ischium come together

Acetabulum

where is the fovea capitis located

proximal femur

For the AP projection of the femur on typical adult what should be done to ensure both jts of the femur are demonstrated

Perform 2nd exposure w/ another IR

Ligament attachment in femoral head

fovea capitis

where on the femur is the greater trochanter located

Superior + lateral

Symmetric ilia + obturator foramina demonstrate what in the AP pelvis

No rotation

Which projection of the hip is contraindicated for pt w/ suspected fracture

Lateral projection

How should the affected limb be positioned for the lateral hip

Knee flexed & thigh nearly at right angle from hip

what type of jt is the hip jt

synovial ball-and-socket

what are the most palpable sites for pelvis and hip

greater trochanter

iliac crest

ASIS

Femoral necks w/out superimposition & greater trochanters in profile show what for AP pelvis

Proper rotation of proximal femur

CR for AP pelvis

Perpendicular to the midpoint of the IR

Axiolateral (Danelius-Miller Method) is also known as what?

cross table or surgical table

Largest portion of the hip

ilium

cup-shape socket articulates w/ femoral head and is where ilium, ischium and pubis come together

Acetabulum

Highest point located posteriorly on ilium

iliac crest

what is the purpose of the Lat hip

Demonstrate the relationship between the femoral head + acetabulum

For the Proximal AP femur the top of the IR should be placed

At ASIS

Distal end of the femur above condyles

Epicondyles (Lat + medial)

Largest prominent palpable process at proximal end on Lateral side of femur

Greater trochanter

Proximal rounded end of the femur

head

The head of the femur articulates w/ the acetabulum to form what jt

Hip jt

where should the bottom of the IR be for the distal AP femur?

2in below knee

serves as base for trunk + girdle for attachment of lower limbs

Pelvis

Located medial + posterior surface of proximal femur

Lesser trochanter

Slender region just below the femoral head

neck

Large opening formed by the pubis and ischium

obturator foramen

the medial & lateral condyles articulate w/ the tibia to form what jt?

knee jt

How much should the body be rotated from true lateral for the proximal lateral femur?

10-15 degrees

how much should the limbs be rotated for the proximal AP femur

10-15 internally

CR for AP + Lat femur

Perpendicular to center of IR

How is the femoral neck demonstrated for the Lavenstein method of the Lat hip

overlapped by greater trochanter

What 4 bones make up the Pelvis

Right + Left innominate (hip bone)

Sacrum

Coccyx

what 3 parts make up a hip bone

Ilium

ischium

pubis

Which part of the hip bone support the weight of the body when a person is in the sitting position

Ischial tuberosities

How much should the Pelvis be rotated for the Lat Hip

As much as necessary to avoid superimposition

The IR should be centered where for the AP pelvis

2 in inferior ASIS

or

2in superior to pubic symphysis

what parts make up the ilium

Ala

iliac crest

ASIS

How should the femoral neck be demonstrated for the Hickey method for Lat hip

Free form superimposition

CR for the lateral hip (lauenstein)

Perpendicular through hip jt between ASIS and pubic symphysis

How much and which direction should the feet and lower limbs be rotated for the AP pelvis

15-20 medially

which positioning maneuver will ensure proper demonstration of the distal femur on the AP projection

Align femoral epicondyles parallel w/ IR

CR for Lat hip (Hickey)

20-25 cephalad & 1in inferior from lauenstein method

Palpable sites for the pelis and hip (all sites)

iliac crest

ASIS

greater trochanter

pubis symphysis

tip of coccyx

ischial tuberosity

The body of the femur slants how many degrees medially

5-15

Depression between condyle on the posterior surface in the distal femur

Intercondylar fossa

what main part make up the ischium

body + Ischial ramus

What is the name of the process that separates the greater sciatic notch from the lesser sciatic notch on the hip

Ischial spine

Common fracture site in femur

femoral neck

intertrochanteric crest

what main parts form the pubis

superior + inferior ramus

How much should the knee be flexed for the distal lateral femur

45

How should the limb be for the distal AP femur

Rotated internally to place epicondyles parallel to IR

CR AP hip

Perpendicular to femoral neck placed 2.5 in distal on a line drawn perpendicular to midpoint of line between ASIS + pubic symphysis

How should the lesser trochanter be seen in the AP pelvis and AP hi p

Not in profile or might be slightly seen on medial border of femur